Skip to main content

Communities of Practice: Facilitating Social Learning while Frustrating Organizational Learning

  • Chapter
Organizations as Knowledge Systems

Abstract

Despite its almost fifty years of existence, the literature on organizational learning is still growing. Over the years, the topic has been approached from various angles. Some scholars have been mostly interested in learning processes as adaptation with typically organizational routines as its outcomes (for example Simon and March, 1958; March and Olsen, 1976; Cyert and March, 1963; Levitt and March, 1988). Others focus mainly on the cognitive rather than the behavioural aspects that typify the learning of organizations (for example Hedberg, 1981; Argyris and Schon, 1978). With the advent in the 1980s of Management Information Systems, IS scholars joined the organizational learning debate by introducing an information processing perspective to learning (for example Huber, 1991; Duncan and Weiss, 1979; Walsh and Ungson, 1991), stimulating people to think of ways to technically support learning processes and storage and retrieval of organizational knowledge bases. At the start of the 1990s, yet another perspective was introduced within the literature on organizational learning. This time the topic gained attention from ethnographers studying organizational behaviour. Based on theories derived from Vygotsky and Piaget, the idea was introduced that learning is essentially social.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abercrombie, N., Hill S., and Turner, B.S. (1984) Dictionary of Sociology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C. and Schon, D. (1978) Organizational Learning: a Theory of Action-Perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barley, S. (1986) Technology as an occasion for structuring: evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments, Administrative Science Quarterly, 31: 78–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. (1966) The Social Construction of Knowledge. London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boland, R.J.J. and Tenkasi, R.V. (1995) Perspective making and perspective taking in communities of knowing, Organization Science, 6(4): 350–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botkin, J. (1999) Smart Business: How Knowledge Communities Can Revolutionize Your Company. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.S. (2000) Growing up digital: the web and the new learning ecology, Change, the Magazine of Higher Learning, March/April: 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.S. and Duguid, P. (1991) Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: toward a unified view of working, leaning and innovation, Organization Science, 2(1): 40–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciborra, C.U. (ed.) (1996) Groupware and Teamwork. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciborra, C.U. and Lanzara, G.F. (1994) Formative contexts and information technology, understanding the dynamics of innovation in organizations, Accounting, Management and Information Technology, 4(2): 61–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D. and Prusak, L. (2000) In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, S.D.N. and Yanow, D. (1993) Culture and organizational learning, Journal of Management Inquiry, 2(4): 373–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cyert, R.M and March, J.G. (1963) A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, T.H. and Prusak, L. (1998) Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, N.M. (2000) Common Knowledge. Cambridge MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodgson, M. (1993) Organizational learning: a review of some literatures, Organization Studies, 14(3), 375–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, D. (2001) Reimagining the differentiation and integration of work for sustained product innovation, Organization Science, 12(5): 612–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1987) How Institutions Think. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R.B. and Weiss, A. (1979) Organizational Learning: Implications for Organizational Design Research in Organizational Behavior. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkheim, E. (1978) On Institutional Analysis. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gherardi, S. (2000) Practice-based theorizing on learning and knowing in organizations, Organization, 7(2): 211–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution ofSociety. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedberg, B.L.T. (1981) How organizations learn and unlearn. In P.C. Nystrom and W.H. Starbuck (eds), Handbook of Organization Design, vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, G.P. (1991) Organizational learning: the contributing processes and the literatures, Organizational Science, 2(1): 88–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huysman, M.H. (Z000a) Rethinking organizational learning, Accountancy Management and Information Technology, 10: 81–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huysman, M.H. (2000b) Organizational learning or learning organizations, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(2): 133–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huysman, M.H. and de Wit, D. (2002) Knowledge Sharing in Practice. Boston: Kluwer Academic.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, B. (1989) Cosmopolitical obstetrics: some insights from the training of traditional midwives, Social Science and Medicine, 28(9): 52–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, D. and Sensiper, S. (1998) The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Group Innovation, California Management Review, 40(2): 112–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, B. and March, J.G. (1988) Organizational learning, Annual Review Sociology, 14: 319–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P. (1976) Ambiguity and Choice in Organizations, Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, D. and Meznar, M.B. (1995) The social construction of organizational learning: conceptual and practical issues in the field, Human Relations, 48(7): 727–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995) The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics ofInnovation. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr, J. (1996) Talking about Machines: an Ethnography of a Modern Job. New York: IRL Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. (1960) Structure and Process in Modem Societies. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pentland, B.T. (1995) Information systems and organizational learning: the social epistemology of organizational knowledge systems, Accounting, Management and Information Technology, 5: 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1966) The Tacit Dimension. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R.D. (1993) The prosperous community: social capital and public life, American Prospect, 13: 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandelands, L. and Drazin, R. (1989) On the language of organizational theory, Organization Studies, 10: 45 7–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandelands, L. and Srivatsan, V. (1993) The problem of experience in the study of organizations, Organization Studies, 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz, A. (1971) Collected Papers, vols 1 and 2. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W.R. (1987) The adolescence of institutional theory, Administrative Science Quarterly, 32: 493–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selznick, P. (1957) Readership in Administration. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. (1992) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. London: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibutani, T. (1955) Reference groups as perspectives, American Journal of Sociology, 60: 562–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. and March, J. (1958) Organization. Wiley: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sims, D. (2000), Organizational learning as the development of stories. In M. Easterby-Smith, L. Araujo and J. Burgoyne (eds), Organizational Learning and the Learning Organization: Developments in Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sole, D. and Huysman, M. (2001) Knowledge, practice and the role of location: a community of practice perspective, Trends in Communication, 8: 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spender, J.C. (1996) Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic strategy of the firm, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Star, S.L. (1992) The trojan door: organizations, work and the ‘open black box’, Systems Practice, 5: 395–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storck, J. and Hill, P.A. (2000) Knowledge diffusion through ‘strategic communities’, Sloan Management Review, Winter: 63–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szulanski, G. (1996) Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teigland, R. and Wasko, M. McLure (2000) Creative ties and ties that bind. Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Information Systems, December, Brisbane, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thatchenkery, T.J. (1996) Organizational learning, language games and knowledge creation, Editorial note, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 9(1) 4–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, W.I. (1914) The Prussian-Polish Situation: an experiment in assimilation, American Journal of Sociology, 19: 624–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsoukas, H. and Chia, R. (2002) On organizational becoming: rethinking organizational change, Organization Science, 567–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsoukas, H. and Vladimirou, E. (2001) What is organizational knowledge?, Journal of Management Studies, 38: 973–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K. and Nonaka, I. (2000) Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J.P. and Ungson, G.R. (1991) Organizational memory, Academy of Management Review, 16(1): 57–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K. (1979) The Social Psychology of Organizing, 2nd edn. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K.E. and Roberts, K.H. (1993) Collective mind in organizations: heedful interrelating on flight desks, Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(3): 357–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K.E. and Westley, F. (1996). Organizational learning: affirming an oxymoron. In S.R. Clegg, C. Hardy and W.R. Nord (eds), Handbook of Organization Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (1998) Communities ofPractice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (2000) Communities of practice: the key to knowledge strategy. In E. Lesser (ed.), Knowledge and Communities, Boston: Butterworth Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanow, D. (2000) Seeing organizational learning: a cultural view, Organization, 7(2): 247–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2004 Marleen Huysman

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Huysman, M. (2004). Communities of Practice: Facilitating Social Learning while Frustrating Organizational Learning. In: Tsoukas, H., Mylonopoulos, N. (eds) Organizations as Knowledge Systems. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524545_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics