Abstract
Over the centuries, there has been considerable debate concerning the sources of industrialization and the nature of the development of economies and societies. The most prominent explanations have been modernization theory and dependency theory. However, previous theories of development have generally overlooked a significant biological parameter that lies at the core of international development, specifically, the burden of infectious disease on the productivity and the consolidation of human capital in a given population. Following the lead of Robert Fogel, I argue that the mastery of high morbidity and mortality rates in a given population has been a central driver of state prosperity and economic strength throughout recorded history. Similarly, I argue that the continuing and unchecked proliferation of emerging and re-emerging infectious disease represents a considerable threat to the economic development, stability and prosperity of states throughout the world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
See Robert W. Fogel, ‘The Conquest of High Mortality and Hunger in Europe and America: Timing and Mechanisms’ in David Landes, Patrice Higgonet, and Henry Rosovsky, eds, Favorites of Fortune: Technology, Growth and Economic Development Since the Industrial Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991).
Also see Fogel’s ‘Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality Since 1700: Some preliminary Findings in Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth’ in Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, eds, Conference on Research in Income and Wealth (Vol. 41. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1986); and Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: the Bearing of Long-Term Processes in the Making of Economic Policy, Working Paper no. 4638 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1994).
Martha Ainsworth, and A. Mead Over, ‘The Economic Impact of AIDS on Africa’ in Max Essex et al., eds, AIDS in Africa (New York: Raven Press, 1994), p. 564.
See John Cuddington, ‘Modeling the Macroeconomic Effects of AIDS, with an Application to Tanzania’, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (May 1993), p. 175.
Myers, Charles, Stasia Obremsky and Mechai Viravaidya, The Economic Impact of AIDS on Thailand. Working Paper No. 4 (Boston: Harvard School of Public Health, 1992), p. 9.
World Bank, The Macroeconomic Effects of AIDS: Development Brief Number 17, July 1993, available at http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Briefs/DB17.html (March 8, 1997), p. 1.
See S. Poonawala, and R. Cantor, Children Orphaned by AIDS: a Call for Action for NGOs and Donors (Washington, DC: National Council for International Health, 1991).
Kimberly A. Hamilton, Global HIV/AIDS: a Strategy for U.S. Leadership (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994), p. 5.
D. Ettling, D.A. McFarland, L.J. Schultz and L. Chitsulo, ‘Economic Impact of Malaria in Malawian Households’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 45, No. 1 (March 1994), p. 74.
See R. Barlow, The Economic Effects of Malaria Eradication (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1967);
M. Gomes, ‘Economic and Demographic Research on Malaria: a Review of the Evidence’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 9 (November 1993), pp. 1093–108;
R. Sauerborn et al., ‘Estimating the Direct and Indirect Costs of Malaria in a Rural District of Burkina Faso’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 42 (1991), pp. 219–23;
R.E. Castilla and D.O. Sawyer, ‘Malaria Rates and Fate: a Socioeconomic Study of Malaria in Brazil’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 9, November 1993, pp. 1137–45;
D. Sawyer, ‘Economic and Social Consequences of Malaria in New Colonization Projects in Brazil’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 9 (November 1993), pp. 1131–6.;
E.T. Nur, ‘The Impact of Malaria on Labour Use and Efficiency in the Sudan’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 9 (November 1993), pp. 1115–19;
N.K. Kere et al., ‘The Economic Impact of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on Education Investment: a Pacific Island Case Study’, Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 24, No. 4 (December 1993), pp. 659–63;
A. Mills. ‘The Household Costs of Malaria in Nepal’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 44, No. 1 (March 1993), pp. 9–13;
W.K. Asenso-Okyere, ‘Socioeconomic Factors in Malaria Control’, World Health Forum, Vol. 15, No. 3 (1994), pp. 265–8;
B.M. Popkin, ‘A Household Framework for Examining the Social and Economic Consequences of Tropical Diseases’, Social Sciences and Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 5 (1982), pp. 533–43.
J. Brian Atwood, Speech at USAID Conference on Infectious Disease, Washington DC, 17 December 1997, available at http://www.info.usaid.gov/press/spe_test/speeches/spch560.htm, p. 1.
See T.W. Schultz, ‘Investment in Human Capital’, American Economic Review, Vol. 51 (1961), pp. 1–17;
T.W. Schultz, Investing in People: the Economics of Population Quality (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981);
G.S. Becker, K.M. Murphy and R. Tamura ‘Human Capital, Fertility, and Economic Growth’, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98 (1990), pp. S12–S37;
N.L. Stokey, ‘Human Capital, Product Quality, and Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 105 (1991), pp. 587–616; and Dasgupta, 1993, Ch. 16.
Peter Piot, Business in a World of HIV/AIDS. Statement at World Economic Forum, 3 February 1997, Davos. Available at http://www.us.unaids.org/highband/speeches/davspc.html, p. 3.
John T. Cuddington, and John D. Hancock, ‘Assessing the Impact of AIDS on the Growth Path of the Malawian Economy’, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 43 (1994), p. 364.
Desmond Cohen, The Economic Impact of the HIV Epidemic: Issues Paper #2, UNDP HIV and Development Programme (New York: UNDP, 1998). Available at http://www.undp.org:80/hiv/issues2e.htm, p. 6.
See Chin, J. ‘The Epidemiology and Projected Mortality of AIDS’ in Richard G. Feacham and Dean T. Jamison, eds, Diseases and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); AIDS and the Demography of Africa, Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, United Nations, p. 4.
See Mechai Viravaidya, Stasia A. Obremsky and Charles Myers, ‘The Economic Impact of AIDS on Thailand’ in David Bloom and E. Lyons, eds, Economic Implications of AIDS in Asia (New Delhi: UNDP, 1993);
Kimberly A. Hamilton, Global HIV/AIDS: a Strategy for U.S. Leadership (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994), p. 20.
Lyn Squire, ‘Confronting AIDS’ in Finance and Development (March 1988), p. 17.
See James Sender and S. Smith, Poverty, Class and Gender in Rural Africa: a Tanzanian Case Study (London: Routledge, 1990),
and S. Devereux. and G. Eele, Monitoring the Social and Economic Impact of AIDS in East and Central Africa (Food Studies Group, Oxford University, Report Commissioned for UNDP, September 1991).
Tony Barnett, and Piers Blaikie, ‘The Impact of AIDS on Farming Systems’ in AIDS in Africa: Its Present and Future Impact (London: Guilford Press, 1992), p. 151.
Jill Armstrong, Uganda’s AIDS Crisis: Its Implications for Development (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994), p. 4.
World Bank. Better Health in Africa: Experience and Lessons Learned (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994), p. 25.
John Cuddington, ‘Modeling the Macroeconomic Effects of AIDS, with an Application to Tanzania’, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 7, No. 2 (May 1993), p. 176.
See Andrew T. Price-Smith, The Health of Nations: Infectious Disease and its Effects on State Capacity, Prosperity and Stability, Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, July 1999.
World Bank, Tanzania: AIDS assessment and planning study, no. 9825-TA (Population and Human Resources Division, Southern Africa Department, Washington, DC: World Bank, 1992).
See B. Nkowane, ‘The Direct and Indirect Cost of HIV Infection in Developing Countries: the Cases of Zaire and Tanzania’ in Alan F. Fleming et al., eds, The Global Impact of AIDS (New York: Alan Liss, 1988); and Desmond Cohen, The Economic Impact of the HIV Epidemic: Issues Paper #2, p. 11.
See Ann-Marie Kimball and Robert Davis, The Economics of Emerging Infections in the Asia Pacific: what do we know and what do we need to know? Paper presented at CIS/CIH Conference on the Social and Economic Impact of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, 30 October 1997, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Published by Program on Health and Global Affairs/CIS and available on line at http://www.utoronto.ca/cis/pgha.html, p. 7.
See Donald S. Shepard et al., ‘The Economic Cost of Malaria in Africa’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 42 (1991), pp. 119–203.
Mary B Ettling, and D.S. Shepard, ‘Economic Cost of Malaria in Rwanda’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. 42 (1991), p. 214.
World Health Organization, A Global Strategy for Malaria Control (Geneva: WHO, 1994), pp. 1–7.
Uwe Brinkmann and A. Brinkmann, ‘Malaria and Health in Africa: the Present Situation and Epidemiological Trends’, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology (Vol. 42, 1991), p. 204.
Peter Piot, Business in a World of HIV/AIDS, statement at World Economic Forum, 3 February 1997 Davos, available at http://www.us.unaids.org/highband/speeches/davspc.html, p. 3.
Disaggregated, the estimated costs of individual care from HIV infection until the development of AIDS is $50 000 while the estimated costs from AIDS development until death is approximately $69 000. F J. Hellinger, ‘The Lifetime Cost of Treating a Person with HIV’, JAMA, Vol. 270, No. 4 (28 July 1993), p. 74.
R.A. Hanvelt et al., ‘Indirect Costs of HIV/AIDS Mortality in Canada’, AIDS, Vol. 8, No. 10 (October 1994), pp. F7–11.
D.C. Lambert, ‘Prospects of the Cost of AIDS-Related Death in France: 1970–2020’ (French), Cahiers de Sociologie et de Demographie Medicales, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Jul–Sep 1993), pp. 249–87.
E.A. Newton et al., ‘Modeling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the English-speaking Caribbean’, Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, Vol. 28, No. 3 (Sep. 1994), pp. 239–49.
Julia Dayton, World Bank HIV/AIDS Interventions: Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Evaluation, World Bank Discussion Paper #389 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1 June 1998), p. 30.
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report1994 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 28.
UNAIDS, UNAIDS Director Delivers Opening Plenary at U.S. AIDS Research Conference, press release, 22 January 1997, available at http://www.us.unaids.org/highband/press/retpren.html, p. 2.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2001 Andrew T. Price-Smith
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Price-Smith, A.T. (2001). Disease and International Development. In: Price-Smith, A.T. (eds) Plagues and Politics. Global Issues Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524248_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524248_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-42071-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52424-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)