Skip to main content

The Media Sport Cultural Complex: Football and Fan Resistance in Australia

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

The control of spectator sports both in Australia and internationally increasingly has moved away from sports administrators and towards media executives. This shift in control can be illustrated most clearly by seeing spectator sport as part of a ‘media sport cultural complex’ (Rowe, 1999). Popular elite male sports such as Australian football and rugby league are not only linked to media organizations, marketing consultants and transnational corporations, but the influence of these agents can also consolidate and/or fracture traditional sporting cultural practices. The trend in Australia’s two dominant football codes has been a fracturing, with competition structures, traditional club identities and fan loyalties all coming under significant challenge by ascendant corporate strategies and practices over the past two decades. The issue at hand is what happens when these sports are incorporated into the interests of media companies and their expansionist strategies. Instructive examples of this process are Australian rugby league and its radically reshaped competition and administration in the new millennium, and the popular Australian Football League (AFL) competition, which has undergone a national expansion programme and upheaval as club relocations and mergers have followed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrews, D. (1998), ‘Excavating Michael Jordan: notes on a critical pedagogy of sporting representation’, in G. Rail (ed.), Sport and postmodern times, Albany: State University of New York, pp.185–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, I. (2000), ‘From a club to a corporate game: the changing face of Australian football’, in J.A. Mangan and J. Nauright (eds), Sport in Australasian society: past and present, London: Frank Cass, pp.225–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (1999), ‘Media Release’, 20 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Story (1999), Mission impossible, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 23 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blain, N. and H. O’Donnel (2000), ‘Current developments in media sport, and the politics of local identities: a ‘postmodern’ debate?’, Culture, Sport, Society, 3 (2), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd, A. (2001), ‘Capitalism, sport and resistance: reflections’, Culture, Sport, Society, 4 (1), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colman, M. (1996), Super league: the inside story, Sydney: Pan Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldlust, J. (1987), Playing for keeps: sport, the media and society, Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grow, R. (1998), ‘From gum trees to goalposts, 1858–1876’, in R. Hess and B. Stewart (eds), More than a game: an unauthorised history of Australian Rules Football, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp.4–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruneau, R. and D. Whitson (1993), Hockey night in Canada: sport, identities and cultural politics, Toronto: Garamond.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heads, I. (1992), True blue: the story of the NSW Rugby League, Sydney: Ironbark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, E.S. and R.W. McChesney (1997), The global media: the new missionaries of corporate capitalism, London: Cassell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, R. and B. Stewart (eds) (1998), More than a game: an unauthorised history of Australian Rules Football, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Home, J., A. Tomlinson and G. Whannel (1999), Understanding sport: an introduction to the sociological and cultural analysis of sport, London: Spon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, B. (1996), ‘Rugby wars: the changing face of football’, Sporting Traditions, 13 (1), 151–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, B. (1997), ‘Mediated violence: the case of State of Origin rugby league’, Sporting Traditions, 13 (2), 19–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, B. and M. Phillips (1997), ‘Selling permissible violence: the commodi-fication of Australian rugby league 1970–1995’, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 32 (2), 161–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, B. and M. Phillips (1999), ‘The global union: globalization and the Rugby World Cup’, in T.J.L. Chandler and J. Nauright (eds), Making the rugby world: race, gender, commerce, London: Frank Cass, pp. 149–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvie, G. and J. Maguire (1994), Sport and leisure in social thought, London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, A. (1999), ‘Legalise Bugs Bunny fans as Souths fight on’, Sydney Morning Herald, 30 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, N. (2001), No logo, London: Flamingo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnell, G. (1995), Football Ltd: the inside story of the AFL, Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, J.A. (1993), ‘Globalization, sport development, and the media/sport production complex’, Sport Sciences Review, 2, 29–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, J.A. (1999), Global sport: identities, societies, civilizations, Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters, R. (1999), ‘Rebellious Rabbitohs won’t go quietly’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Micevski, R. (1999), ‘All I ever wanted was to watch my team play’, www.groups.yahoo.com/groups/rabbitohs/message/9106, 9 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moller, M. (2003), ‘Grassroots ethics: the case of Souths versus News Corporation’, in C. Lumby and E. Probyn (eds), Remote control: new media, new ethics, Melbourne: Cambridge University, pp.216–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosely, P. and B. Murray (1994), ‘Soccer’, in W. Vamplew and B. Stoddart (eds), Sport in Australia: a social history, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, pp.213–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy, D. (1993), Them and us: a national league?, Northbridge: Access.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D. (1999), ‘MPs unite in supporting exiled Souths’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadel, D. (1998a), ‘Colour, corporations and commissioners, 1976–1985’, in R. Hess and B. Stewart (eds), More than a game, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp.200–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadel, D. (1998b), ‘The league goes national, 1986–1997’, ‘in R. Hess and B. Stewart (eds), More than a game, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp.225–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauright, J. and P. White (1996), ‘“Save Our Jets”: Nostalgia, Community, Professional Sport and Nation in Contemporary Canada’, AVANTE, 2 (4), 24–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M.G. (1998), ‘From suburban football to international spectacle: the commodification of rugby league in Australia, 1907–1995’, Australian Historical Studies, 29 (110), 27–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M.G. and B. Hutchins (1998), ‘From independence to a reconstituted hegemony: rugby league and television in Australia’, Journal of Australian Studies, 58, 134–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M.G. and B. Hutchins (2003), ‘Losing control of the ball: the political economy of football and the media in Australia’, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27 (3), 215–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M.G. and J. Nauright (1999), ‘Sports fan movements to save surburban-based football teams threatened with amalgamation in different football codes in Australia’, International Sports Studies, 21 (1), 23–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. (1995), Popular cultures: rock music, sport and the politics of pleasure, London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. (1997), ‘Rugby league in Australia: the Super League saga’, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21 (2), 221–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, D. (1999), Sport, culture and the media, Buckingham: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. and B. Stewart (2000), ‘Australian sport in a postmodern age’, in J.A. Mangan and J. Nauright (eds), Sport in Australasian society, London: Frank Cass, pp.278–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staniland, M. (1985), What is political economy? A study of social theory and underdevelopment, New Haven, CT: Yale University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, B. (1984), ‘The economic development of the Victorian Football League 1960–1984’, Sporting Traditions, 2 (1), 2–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, B. (1998), ‘Boom-time football, 1946–1975’, in R. Hess and B. Stewart (eds), More than a game, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp. 165–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, C. (2001), ‘The game is not the same’, Australian Magazine, 24–5 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoddart, B. (1997), ‘Convergence: sport on the information superhighway’, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 21 (1), 93–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weilder, D. (1999), ‘Stars protest to save clubs’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenner, L.A. (1998), ‘Playing the mediasport game’, in L.A. Wenner (ed.), Mediasport, London: Routledge, pp.3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westfield, M. (2000), The gatekeepers: the global media battle to control Australia’s pay TV, Annandale, Sydney: Pluto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whannel, G. (1992), Fields in vision: television sport and cultural transformation, communication and society, London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, P., P. Donnelly and J. Nauright (1997), ‘Citizens, cities and sports teams’, Policy Options, 18 (3), 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitson, D. (1998), ‘Circuits of promotion: media, marketing and the globalization of sport’, in L.A. Wenner (ed.), Mediasport, London: Routledge, pp.57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeates, H. (1995), ‘The league of men: masculinity, the media and rugby league football’, Media Information Australia, 75, 35–45.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2005 Murray Phillips, Brett Hutchins and Bob Stewart

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Phillips, M.G., Hutchins, B., Stewart, B. (2005). The Media Sport Cultural Complex: Football and Fan Resistance in Australia. In: Nauright, J., Schimmel, K.S. (eds) The Political Economy of Sport. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524057_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics