Abstract
In 1998 Europe became the world’s top recipient of Japanese FDI, outperforming North America for the first time since the 1970s. That Europe has remained at the top of the list since then can be seen as evidence that the importance of Europe for Japan has increased, and that Europe has strengthened its position in the world economy.
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Notes
See for example Richard I. Kirkland Jr, ‘The Big Japanese Push into Europe’, Fortune, 2 July 1990.
Harukiyo Hasegawa, ‘Japanese Global Strategies in Europe and the Formation of Regional Markets’, in Harukiyo Hasegawa and Glenn D. Hook (eds), Japanese Business Management: Restructuring for Low Growth and Globalization (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 42, 44.
For the dramatic change in the image of Japanese products during this period see Nobuo Kawabe, ‘Made in Japan: Changing Image’ in James Soltow (ed.), Essays in Economic and Business History (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1979).
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1974 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho (White Paper on Overseas Markets, 1974) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1974), vol. 2, p. 5
JETRO, 1977 nen Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Investment, 1977) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1977), pp. 18–19, 21.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1974 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho (White Paper on Overseas Markets, 1974) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1974) vol. 2, pp. 5–6;
JETRO, 1981 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho Tōshihen (White Paper on Overseas Markets [Investment], 1981) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1981), pp. 27–9.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1984 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho Tōshihen (White Paper on Overseas Markets [Investment], 1984) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1984), pp. 26–7
JETRO, 1982 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho Tōshihen (White Paper on Overseas Markets [Investment], 1982) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1982), pp. 23–4, 31.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) 1982 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho Tōshihen (White Paper on Overseas Markets [Investment], 1982) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1982), p. 39;
JETRO, 1975 nenban Kaigai Shijō Hakusho Tōshihen (White Paper on Overseas Markets [Investment] 1975) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1975), pp. 135–6.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1988 nen Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1988) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1988), p. 3.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1989 nen Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1989) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1989), pp. 39–40
JETRO, 1992 nen Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1992) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1992), p. 70.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1994 nen Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1994) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1994), pp. 59–60.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), Dai Jūrokkai Ōshū Nikkei Kigyō no Jittai Chōsa (The 16th Survey of Japanese Manufacturing Affiliates in Europe/Turkey) (Tokyo: JETRO, 2000).
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), Shinshutsu Kigyō Jittai Chōsa, Ōshū Toruko hen–Nikkei Seizōgyō no Katsudō Jōkyō 2001 nenban (Survey of Japanese Companies Abroad–Europe and Turkey: Activities of Japanese Manufacturers, 2001) (Tokyo: JETRO, 2001), p. 6, table 4.
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), 1987 nenban Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1987) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1987), p. 30
JETRO, 1992 nenban Kaigai Chokusetsu Tōshi Hakusho (White Paper on Foreign Direct Investment, 1992) (Tokyo: JETRO, 1992), pp. 82–3.
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© 2004 Nobuo Kawabe
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Kawabe, N. (2004). Movement of Japanese Companies into Europe. In: Kumon, H., Abo, T. (eds) The Hybrid Factory in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523654_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523654_2
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