Abstract
Care is a growing concern in welfare states and an ever-more frequent object of social policy reforms. Every post-industrial society is having to confront anew how to support families and individuals and organize the care of those who need regular help, particularly small children and those adults whose disabilities are linked to age or illness. Long-established forms of informal care are being rapidly undermined by economic and social change. Families are in particular no more self-evident care providers in the way they used to be. Social networks based on kinship have fragmented and even become transnational (Vuorela 2002). It is becoming more and more common for older people to live alone. The spread of female employment outside the home, above all, has changed the division of labour between the sexes. Unpaid work done by women at home and in the local community can no longer be treated as a resource to be drawn on freely.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Anderson, B. (2000) Doing the Dirty Work? The Global Politics of Domestic Labour. London and New York: Zed Books.
Anttonen, A. (1997) ‘The Welfare State and Social Citizenship’. In K. Kauppinen and T. Gordon (eds.), Unresolved Dilemmas: Women, Work and the Family in the United States, Europe and the former Soviet Union. Aldershot: Ashgate: 9–32.
Anttonen, A. (1999) Lasten kotihoidon tuki suomalaisessa perhepolitiikassa. Sosiaali-ja terveysturvan tutkimuksia, 52. Helsinki: Kela (Child home care allowance in Finnish Family policy: studies on social and health politics, 52.).
Anttonen, A. (2001) ‘The Politics of Social Care in Finland: Child and Elder care in Transition’. in M. Daly (ed.), Care Work: The Quest for Security. Geneva: International Labour Office: 143–58.
Anttonen, A. (2002) ‘Universalism and Social Policy: A Nordic–Feminist Revaluation’. Nora—Nordic Journal of Women’s Studies, 10 (2): 71–80.
Anttonen, A., Baldock, J. and Sipilä, J. (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Anttonen, A. and Sipil~a, J. (1996) ‘European Social Care Services: Is it Possible to Identify Models?’. Journal of European Social Policy, 6 (2): 87–100.
Anttonen, A., Sipilä, J. and Baldock, J. (2003) ‘Patterns of Social Care in Five Industrial Societies: Explaining Diversity’. In A. Anttonen, J. Baldock and J. Sipilä (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 167–97.
Baldock, J. (2003) ‘Social Care in the United Kingdom: A Pattern of Discretionary Social Administration’. in A. Anttonen, J. Baldock and J. Sipilä, J. (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 109–42.
Clasen, J. (1999) ‘Introduction’. In J. Clasen (ed.), Comparative Social Policy: Concepts, Theories and Methods. Oxford: Blackwell: 1–12.
Daatland, S.O. (2001) ‘Ageing, Families and Welfare Systems: Comparative Perspectives’. Zeitschrift f~ur Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 34 (1): 16–20.
Daly, M. (2001) ‘Care policies in Western Europe’. in M. Daly (ed.), Care Work: The Quest for Security. Geneva: International Labour Office: 33–55.
Daly, M. and Lewis, J. (2000) ‘The Concept of Social Care and the Analysis of Contemporary Welfare States’. British Journal of Sociology, 51 (2): 281–98.
Daly, M. and Lewis, J. (1998)‘Introduction: Conceptualising Social Care in the Context of Welfare State Restructuring’. in J. Lewis (ed.), Gender, Social Care and Welfare State Restructuring in Europe. Ashgate: Aldershot: 1–24.
Dong-Ho, J. (2001) A Comparative Analysis on Redistribution Strategies among Welfare States in Income Transfers and Social Services. Master’s thesis, Department of Social Welfare, Chonbuk National University.
Ekert, O. (1986) ‘Effets et limites des aides financi~eres aux familles: une exp~erience et un mod~ele’. Population, 41 (2): 327–48.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1996) ‘Welfare States without Work: The Impasse of Labour Shedding and Familialism in Continental European Social Policy’. In G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies. New York and London: Sage 66–87.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (2002) ‘A Child-Centred Social Investment Strategy’. In G. Esping-Andersen with D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck and J. Myles, Why We Need a New Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press 26–67.
Evers, A. and Sachße, C. (2003) ‘Social Care Services for Children and Older People in Germany: Distinct and Separate Histories’. In A. Anttonen, J. Baldock and J. Sipil~a (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 55–80.
Gauthier, A.H. (1996) ‘The Measured and Unmeasured Effects of Welfare Benefits on Families: Implications for Europe’s Demographic Trends’. In D. Coleman (ed.), Europe’s Population in the 1990s. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 297–331.
Heffernan, J. (2003) ‘Care for Children and Older People in the United States: Laggard or Merely Different?’. In A. Anttonen, J. Baldock and J. Sipil~a (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 143–66.
Hernes, H.M. (1987) Welfare States and Woman Power: Essays in State Feminism: Oslo: Norwegian University Press.
Higgins, J. (1981) States of Welfare: Comparative Analysis in Social Policy. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hochschild, A.R. (2000) ‘The Nanny Chain’. The American Prospect, 11 (4): 32–6.
Hort, S.E. O. (2003) ‘Back on Track—To the Future? The Making and Remaking of the Swedish Welfare State in the 1990s’. In N. Gilbert and R. A. Voorhis, (eds.), Changing Patterns of Social Protection. International Social Security Series, 9. New Brunswick and London: Transaction: 239–76.
Knijn, T. and Kremer, M. (1997) ‘Gender and the Caring Dimension of Welfare States: Toward Inclusive Citizenship’. Social Politics, 4 (3): 328–61.
Kröger, T. (1996) ‘Policy-Makers in Social Services in Finland: The Municipality and The state’. Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare, 5 (2): 62–8.
Lewis, J. (1992) ‘Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes’. Journal of European Social Policy, 2 (3): 159–73.
Mahon, R. (2002) Child Care: Toward What Kind of ‘Social Europe?’. Social Politics, 9 (2): 343–79.
Midre, G. (1995) Bot, Bedring eller Brød? Om Bedømming of Behandling av Sosial Nød fra Reformasjonen til Velferdsstaten. Oslo: Universitets for laget. ( Cure, Improvement or Bread? On Judgements of Treatment of social Distress from the Reformation to the Welfare State.).
Myrdal, G. and Myrdal, A. (1935) Kris i Befolkningsfrågan, 3rd edition. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag: ( Crisis in the Population Question. )
OECD (1999) A Caring World. The New Social Policy Agenda. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2001) Labour Force Statistics 1979–1999. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2002) Online Social Expenditure Database 1980–1998. Paris: OECD.
Palme, J., Bergmark, Å., Bäckman, O., Estrada, F., Fritzell, J., Lundberg, O., Sjöberg, O. and Szebehely, M. (2002) ‘Welfare Trends in Sweden: Balancing the Books for the 1990s’. Journal of European Social Policy, 12 (4): 329–46.
Pateman, C. (1989) The Disorder of Women. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Pfau-Effinger, B. (1998) ‘Gender Cultures and the Gender Arrangements. A Theoretical Framework for Cross National Gender Research’. Innovation, 11 (2): 147–66.
Pierson, P. (2001) ‘Introduction: Investigating the Welfare State at Century’s End’. In P. Pierson (ed.), The New Politics of the Welfare State. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1–14.
Rissanen, T. (2000) Naisten ansiotyömallin muotoutuminen. Työnteon, toimeentulon ja lasten hoidon järjestäminen Suomessa 1920–1980—luvuilla. Master’s dissertation. Tampere: University of Tampere, Department of Social Policy and Social Work. (The formation of women’s employment model. The organization of work, income and child care in Finland in the 1970–1990s.)
Rose, R. (1989) Ordinary People in Public Policy: A Behavioural Analysis. London: Sage.
Rostgaard, T. and Fridberg, T. (1998) Caring for Children and Older People: A Comparison of European Policies and Practices. Copenhagen: The Danish National Institute of Social Research.
Sainsbury, D. (1988) ‘The Scandinavian Model and Women’s Interests: The Issues of Universalism and Corporatism’. Scandinavian Political Studies, 11 (4): 337–46.
Siim, B. (1993) ‘The Gendered Scandinavian Welfare States: The Interplay between Women’s Roles as Mothers, Workers and Citizens in Denmark’. in J. Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State. Aldershot: Edward Elgar: 25–48.
Sipilä, J., Andersson, M., Hammarqvist, S.-E., Nordlander, L., Rauhala, P.-L., Thomsen, K. and Warming Nielsen, H. (1997) ‘A Multitude of Universal, Public Services: How and Why did Four Scandinavian Countries get their Social Service Model?’. In J. Sipilä (ed.), Social Care Services: the Key to the Scandinavian Welfare Model. Aldershot: Avebury: 27–50.
Sipilä, J., Anttonen, A. and Baldock, J. (2003) ‘The Importance of Social Care’. In A. Anttonen, J. Baldock. and J. Sipilä (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 1–23.
Sipilä, J. and Korpinen, J. (1998) ‘Cash versus Child Care Services in Finland’. Social Policy and Administration, 32 (3): 263–77.
Stjernø, S. (1995) Mellom kirke og capital. Oslo: Universitets for laget. ( Between Church and Capital. )
Takahashi, M. (2003) ‘Care of Children and Older People in Japan: Modernizing the traditional’. In A. Anttonen, J. Baldock and J. Sipil~a (eds.), The Young, the Old and the State: Social Care Systems in Five Industrial Societies. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar: 81–108.
Therborn, G. (1995) European Modernity and Beyond: The Trajectory of European Societies 1945–2000. London and New Delhi: Sage.
Vuorela, U. (2002) ‘Transnational Families: Imagined and Real Communities’. In D. Bryceson and U. Vuorela (eds.), The Transnational Family: New European Frontiers and Global Networks. New York: Berg: 63–82.
Williams, F. (2003) Rethinking Care in Social Policy. Paper presented at the Conference of the Finnish Social Policy Association (Finland), Meetings, Joensuu, 24–25 October.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2005 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anttonen, A. (2005). Empowering Social Policy: The Role of Social Care Services in Modern Welfare States. In: Kangas, O., Palme, J. (eds) Social Policy and Economic Development in the Nordic Countries. Social Policy in a Development Context. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523500_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523500_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-52088-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52350-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)