Abstract
Structural policies had an ambiguous position during the first stages of the European construction. No provision had been made in the Treaty of Rome, except for the agricultural sector. The only policy mentioned was competition policy, as the result of a Franco-German compromise. The rules of competition policy applied both to businesses, where the Common Market was concerned, and to national governments, in order to avoid state interventions that would alter the nature of the competition game on the market as a whole. In practice, Community monitoring worked relatively pragmatically. From the 1960s to the 1970s, the number of state interventions was greatly increased following the economic crisis. Apart from the CAP, at Community level, numerous structural interventions were decided, most often under the pressure of events concerning:
-
Declining sectors such as the steel or shipbuilding industries, where restructuring policies were carried out under the Commission’s control from the mid-1970s; but also the clothing-textile sector where the Commission often exerted its nit-picking control of national aids and had difficulty in stimulating common actions.
-
The high-tech sectors where practices and results were very uneven, from the nuclear industry where the failure of Euratom was obvious in the 1960s to the aerospace industry where results have been generally beneficial thanks to the setting up of agencies with their own budgets and carrying out their own projects, without forgetting the failures in the computing industry.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References and bibliography
Barro, R.J. and X. Sala-I-Martin, Economic Growth (Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1995).
Begg, I., ‘Regional Policy in Europe under EMU’, Thematic Network EPOC, Workshop Bremen (March 2002).
Bömer, H., J. Mazier and E. M. Mouhoud, ‘Regional Policies and Location Firms Strategies in the European Union’, Thematic Network EPOC, Workshop Brussels (September 2003).
Cappelen, A., J. Fagerberg and B. Verspagen, ‘Lack of Regional Convergence’, in: J. Fagerberg et al., The Economic Challenge for Europe (Edward Elgar, 1999).
Chang, H. J., The Political Economy of Industrial Policy (Macmillan Press, 1994).
Cohen, E. and J. H. Lorenzi, Politiques industrielles pour l’Europe, Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse Économique (Paris: La Documentation française, 2000).
Coriat, B., ‘Entre politique de la concurrence et politique commerciale: quelle politique industrielle pour l’Union Européenne?’, in: E. Cohen and J. H. Lorenzi Politiques industrielles pour l’Europe, Rapport du Conseil d’Analyse economique (Paris: La Documentation française, 2000).
Cour, P. and L. Nayman, ‘Fonds structurels et disparités régionales en Europe’, Lettre du CEPII No. 177 (March 1999).
Davies, S. and M. Hallet, ‘Policy Responses to Regional Unemployment: Lessons from Germany, Spain and Italy’, Economic Papers No. 161, European Commission (December 2001).
European Commission, ‘The Economics of 1992’, Cecchini report, European Economy, No. 35 (March 1988).
European Commission, White Book on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment (1993).
European Commission, Industrial Competitiveness Policy for the EU (1994a).
European Commission, Industrial Policy in an Open and Competitive Environment, Bangeman Communication (1994b).
European Commission, Third Report on Economic and Social Cohesion: a New Partnership for Cohesion; Convergence, Competitiveness, Cooperation (2004).
Fagerberg, J., P. Guerrieri and B. Verspagen, The Economic Challenge for Europe (Edward Elgar, 1999).
Head, K. and T. Mayer, ‘Non Europe: the Magnitude and Causes of Market Fragmentation in Europe’, Weltwirschaftliches Arch, Vol. 136, No. 2 (2000) pp. 285–314.
Lallement, R., E. M. Mouhoud and S. Paillard, ‘Polarisation et internationalisation des activités d’innovation: incidence sur la spécialisation technologique des nations’, Région et développement, No. 16 (2002) pp. 17–54.
Martin, P., ‘Public Policies, Regional Inequalities and Growth’, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 73, No. 1 (1999) pp. 85–105.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2005 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huffschmid, J. (2005). Structural Policies: Weak and Market Biased. In: Huffschmid, J. (eds) Economic Policy for a Social Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523395_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523395_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-52219-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52339-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)