Abstract
By comparison with what happened elsewhere, above all in Italy, in connection with crusading in the fifteenth century, Burgundy appears as a repository of an older idea of crusade.1 The crusading tradition in the house of the Valois dukes of Burgundy, seen by many as the heralds of the crusade in the fifteenth century, had been founded by Philip the Bold at the end of the fourteenth century. It was born out of the agreement between Philip,2 Louis duke of Orleans, Philip’s nephew and the brother of King Charles VI of France, and John of Gaunt duke of Lancaster, to lead such an expedition, following the truce of Leulinghem between France and England, in the Hundred Years War.3 The trio subscribed to the Zeitgeist, since such individuals as Leo V, former king of Lesser Armenia,4 Robert Le Mennot, known as ‘L’Ermite’,5 and Philippe de Mézières,6 were calling on Richard II of England and Charles VI of France to lead a new crusade to liberate Jerusalem.7 From that perspective, it was possible to view the expedition planned by the dukes as a passagium particulare, and that of the kings as a passagium generale.
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Notes
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For the context, see J. J. N. Palmer, England, France and Christendom, 1377–99 (London, 1972).
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A. S. Atiya, The Crusade of Nicopolis (London, 1934); Paviot, Les Ducs de Bourgogne, la croisade et l’Orient, pp. 17–57.
Philip died at Acre in 1191, during the Third Crusade. The homily is published in J. Mangeart, Catalogue descriptif et raisonné des manuscrits de la bibliothèque de Valenciennes (Paris-Valenciennes, 1860), app. 33, pp. 687–90.
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Cf. B. de Lannoy and G. Dansaert, Jean de Lannoy le Bâtisseur (Paris-Brussels, n.d.); R. de Smedt, ‘Jan heer van Lannoy, stadhouder en diplomat, De Orde van het Gulden Vlies te Mechelen in 1491. International symposium, Mechelen, 7 September 1991’, dir. R. de Smedt, Handelingen van de Koninklijke Kring voor Oudheidkunde, Letteren en Kunst van Mechelen, 95 (1991), 55–84.
Cf. his notice in M.-Th. Caron, ed., Les Vœux du Faisan, noblesse en fête, esprit de croisade. Le manuscrit français 11594 de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Burgundica 7 (Turnhout, 2003), p. 239.
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V. Fris, ed., Dagboek van Gent van 1447 tot 1470, 1 (Ghent, 1851), pp. 196–8. The crusaders were back in Ghent on 8 December.
A. de Mul, ed., Kroniek van Axel en omgeving tot 1525, in Oudheidkundige Kring “De Vier Ambachten” Hulst Jaarboek (1939–40), pp. 84–7, 95.
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Cf. R. Haubst, ‘Johannes von Segovia im Gespräch mit Nikolaus von Kues und Jean Germain über die göttliche Dreieinigkeit und ihre Verkündigung vor den Mohammedanern’, Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift 2 (1951), 115–29.
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Paviot, J. (2004). Burgundy and the Crusade. In: Housley, N. (eds) Crusading in the Fifteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523357_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523357_5
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