Abstract
Dick Allwright’s reflections (2006, Chapter 1 in this volume) on the history of Applied Linguistics ties in with the work of many through the years who have tried to understand language learning and teaching from the perspective of the participants. In order to obtain student perspectives on classroom interaction, much recent research has been carried out using diary and journal studies (Gebhard and Oprandy, 1999; Jarvis, 1992; Numrich, 1996; Richards and Ho, 1998; Wiener and Rosenwald, 1993); peer observation (Crookes, 2003; Richards, 1998; Tsui, 2003); stimulated recall (Burns, 1996; Calderhead et al., 1981; Gass and Mackey, 2000); and private speech (Barnard, 2003; Broner and Tarone, 2001; De Guerrerro, 1994, 1999; Lantolf, 1997; Saville-Troike, 1988).
We should like to thank Margaret Franken and Steven Donald for their useful input in the development our thinking for this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allwright, R.L. 1983. Classroom-centred research in language teaching and learning: a brief historical overview. TESOL Quarterly 17, 2:191–204.
Allwright, D. 1988. Observation in the language classroom. London: Longman.
Allwright, D. 2006. Six promising directions in Applied Linguistics. In: Understanding the language classroom, eds S. Gieve and I.K. Miller. Palgrave Macmillan, Chapter 1 in this volume.
Allwright, D. and K.M. Bailey 1991. Focus on the language classroom. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Barnard, R. 2003. Private speech in the primary classroom: Jack, a Korean learner. In: Bilingual children’s language and literacy development, eds R. Barnard and T. Glynn, 166–93. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Bellack, A. et al. 1966. The language of the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Broner, M.A. and E. Tarone 2001. Is it fun? Language play in a fifth-grade Spanish immersion class. The Modern Language Journal 85, iii:363–79.
Burns, A. 1996. Starting all over again: from teaching adults to teaching beginners. In: Teacher learning in language teaching, eds D. Freeman and J.C. Richards, 154–77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Calderhead, J. et al. 1981. Stimulated recall: a method for research on teaching. British Journal of Educational Psychology 51:211–17.
Coulthard, M. 1986\. An introduction to discourse analysis. London: Longman.
Crookes, G. 2003. A practicum in TESOL: professional development through teaching practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Guerrerro, M.C.M. 1994. Form and function of inner speech in adult second language learning. In: Vygotskian approaches to second language learning, eds J.P. Lantolf and G. Appel, 83–116. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
De Guerrerro, M.C.M. 1999. Inner speech as mental rehearsal: the case of advanced ESL learners. Issues in Applied Linguistics 10:27–55.
Doughty, C. and J. Williams, eds 1998. Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, R., S. Loewen and H. Basturkmen 1999. Focusing on form in the classroom. Occasional Papers 13. Auckland: Institute of Language Teaching and Learning, University of Auckland.
Fanselow, J.F. 1977a. Beyond Rashomon: conceptualizing and describing the teaching act. TESOL Quarterly 11, 1:17–32, reprinted in Allwright (1988).
Fanselow, J.F. 1977b. The treatment of error in oral work. Foreign Language Annals, X, 4:583–93.
Fanselow, J.F. 1987. Breaking rules: generating and exploring alternatives in language teaching. White Plains, NY: Longman.
Fanselow, J.F. 1988. Let’s see: contrasting conversations about teaching. TESOL Quarterly 22, 1:113–130, reprinted in eds Richards, J.C. and D. Nunan (1990).
Fanselow, J.F. 1992. Contrasting conversations: activities for exploring our beliefs and teaching practices. White Plains, NY: Longman.
Gass, S.M. and A. Mackey 2000. Stimulated recall methodology in second language research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Gebhard, J.G. and R. Oprandy 1999. Language teaching awareness: a guide to exploring beliefs and practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Howatt, A.P.R. 1984. A history of English language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jarvis, J. 1992. Using diaries for teacher reflection on in-service courses. ELT Journal 46, 2:133–43.
Krashen, S.D. 1982. Principles and practices in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.
Krashen, S.D. 1985. The input hypothesis: issues and implications. London: Longman.
Lantolf, J.P. 1997. The function of L2 play in the acquisition of Spanish. In: Contemporary perspectives on the acquisition of Spanish, eds W.R. Glass and A.T. Perez-Leroux, 3–24. Somerville, MA.: Cascadilla Press.
Long, M.H. 1980. Inside the ‘Black Box’: methodological issues in classroom research. Language Learning 30:3–36.
Long, M.H. 1988. Focus on form: a design feature in language teaching methodology. Presentation given at the National Foreign Language Center European Council Foundation Conference on Empirical Research on Second Language Learning in Institutional Settings. Bellagio, Italy, June 20–24, mimeo.
Long, M.H. 1991. Focus on form: a design feature in language teaching methodology. In: Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective, eds K. de Bot, D. Coste, R. Ginsberg and C. Kramsch. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Numrich, C. 1996. On becoming a language teacher: insights from diary studies. TESOL Quarterly 30, 1:131–54.
Richard-Amato, P.A. 1988. Making it happen — interaction in the second language classroom, from theory to practice. White Plains, NY: Longman, 2nd edition, 1996.
Richards, J.C. 1998. Through other eyes: revisiting classroom observation. In: Beyond training, 141–52. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C. and B. Ho 1998. Reflective thinking through journal writing. In: Beyond Training, ed. J.C. Richards, 153–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C. and D. Nunan, eds 1990. Second language teacher education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Saville-Troike, M. 1988. Private speech: evidence for second language learning strategies during the ‘silent period’. Journal of Child Language 15:567–90.
Tsui, A.B.M. 2003. Understanding expertise in language teaching: case studies of ESL teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wiener, W.J. and G.C. Rosenwald 1993. A moment’s monument: the psychology of keeping a diary. In: The narrative study of lives, eds R. Josselson and A. Lieblich, 30–58. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2006 John F. Fanselow and Roger Barnard
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fanselow, J.F., Barnard, R. (2006). Take 1, Take 2, Take 3: A Suggested Three-Stage Approach to Exploratory Practice. In: Gieve, S., Miller, I.K. (eds) Understanding the Language Classroom. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523166_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523166_10
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-230-20695-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52316-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Language & Linguistics CollectionEducation (R0)