Abstract
This chapter advances a critique of an increasingly dominant school in international relations: the Harvard School of Liberal International Theory.The academics who make up this school are joined in a common project of creating an alternative to realism and neorealism in international theory, and draw explicitly or silently on liberal premises, theories and/or ideas to advance this project. The focus of this chapter is on two authors, Robert O. Keohane and Andrew Moravcsik, who exemplify the Harvard School of Liberal International Theory.
This is an amended version of a paper presented at the British International Studies Association Annual Meeting, University of York, December 1994, and under the title, ‘New Liberalisms, Old and New: Institutionalism, Positive Theory and the Liberal Political Tradition’, at the International Studies Association Annual Convention, Washington, DC, March 1994. I have benefited from comments by Luke Ashworth, Max Cameron, Tobi Davidge, Robert Latham, James Mittleman, Andrew Moravcsik, Hidemi Suganami and Peter Wilson.
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Notes
2. David Baldwin (ed.), Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), and Charles Kegley, Jr (ed.), Controversies in International Relations Theory: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995).
Roy E. Jones, ‘The English School of International Relations: A Case for Closure’, Review of International Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1981), pp. 1–13.
For example, Lisa Martin, Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).
7. Robert O. Keohane, ‘Neoliberal Institutionalism: A Perspective on World Polities’, in his International Institutions and State Power (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989), pp. 1–20. See also Joseph M. Grieco, ‘Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism’, in Baldwin (ed.), Neorealism and Neoliberalism, note 2, pp. 116–40.
9. Robert O. Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), Chapter 1, and Keohane, ‘Neoliberal Institutionalism’.
Robert Axelrod and Robert O. Keohane, ‘Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions’, in Baldwin (ed.), Neorealism and Neoliberalism, pp. 85–115, and Robert O. Keohane and Lisa L. Martin, The Promise of Institutionalist Theory’, International Security, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 39–51.
James Der Derian, ‘The (S)pace of International Relations: Simulation, Surveillance and Speed’, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1990), pp. 295–310; R. B. J. Walker, ‘History and Structure in the Theory of International Relations’, Millennium, Vol. 18, No. 2 (1989), pp. 163–83; and Cynthia Weber, ‘Good Girls, Little Girls and Bad Girls: Male Paranoia in Robert Keohane’s Critique of Feminist International Relations’, Millennium, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1994), pp. 337–48.
Hedley Bull, ‘The Grotian Conception of International Society’, in Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics (London: Allen and Unwin, 1966), pp. 51–73.
For a discussion of Mitrany and Haas in the context of welfare internationalism, see Hidemi Suganami, The Domestic Analogy and World Order Proposals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
26. Kenneth A. Oye, ‘Explaining Cooperation under Anarchy: Hypotheses and Strategies’, in Oye (ed.), Cooperation under Anarchy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986), p. 2, and Keohane and Martin, ‘The Promise of Institutionalist Theory’, p. 43.
Hidemi Suganami, ‘The Structure of Institutionalism: An Anatomy of British Mainstream International Relations’, International Relations, Vol. 7, No. 5(1983), pp. 2363–81.
Andrew Moravcsik, ‘Preferences and Power in the European Community: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Approach’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 31, No. 4 (1993), pp. 473–524.
Hobhouse, Liberalism, is an extended defence of this proposition. See also Josi-Guilherme Merquior, Liberalism, Old and New (Boston, MA: Twayne, 1991), Chapters 1 and 2.
Stanley Hoffmann, ‘An American Social Science: International Relations’, Daedalus, Vol. 106, No. 3 (1977), pp. 41–60. -
See, for example, John Stuart Mill, ‘Considerations in Representative Government’, in Mill, Collected Works, Vol. 19: Essays on Politics and Society (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977), pp. 371–577.
Robert O. Keohane, ‘International Institutions: Two Approaches’, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 3 (1988), pp. 379–96.
Michael Freeden, The New Liberalism: An Ideology of Social Reform (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), Chapter 1. See also Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism.
James N. Rosenau, Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), and Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. (eds.), Transnational Relations and World Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).
Robert Cox, ‘Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory’, Millennium, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1991), pp. 126–55.
Robert O. Keohane, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. and Stanley Hoffmann (eds.), After the Cold War: International Institutions and State Strategies in Europe, 1989–1991 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993)
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Long, D. (2002). The Harvard School of Liberal International Theory: A Case for Closure. In: Hovden, E., Keene, E. (eds) The Globalization of Liberalism. Millennium. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230519381_3
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