Abstract
Tsardom understood that an effective campaign against Russian revolutionaries abroad required the support of those countries in which the émigrés resided. The minister of foreign affairs believed that such co-operation would not be difficult to obtain as long as he and his fellow minister from internal affairs could somehow connect the Russian revolutionary emigration to the Anarchist terror that so coloured European politics in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, spreading panic wherever it appeared.
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Notes
J. Berlière, Le Préfet Lépine: Vers La Naissance de la Police Moderne (Paris: Editions Denoël, 1993), 59.
A contemporary discussion of the nature of extradition practice in Europe is to be found in: J. Westlake, International Law, Part One: Peace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1904), 210.
M. B. Millard, ‘Russian Revolutionary Emigration, Terrorism and the “Political Struggle”’ (PhD diss., University of Rochester, 1973), 87–9.
R. M. Kantor, ‘Frantsuzskaia okhranka o russikh emigrantakh (neisdannye materialy)’, KaS, 1927, no. 21: 81–2
R. Johnson, ‘The Okhrana Abroad: A Study in International Police Cooperation’ (PhD diss., Columbia University, 1971), 47–8.
M. Lemke, ‘Nash zagranichnyi sysk 1881–1883’, KL, 1922, no. 5: 71–2, 79, 80–1, 84.
A. P. Koznov, ‘Zagranichnaia politicheskii sysk (1900-fevral’ 1917gg.)’, Kentavr, 1992, nos. 1–2: 98.
E. A. Taratuta, S. M. Stepniak-Kravchinskii revoliutsioner i pisatel’ (Moscow: 1973), 292–3.
H. Liang, The Rise of the Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 130, 133–4; Millard, ‘Russian Revolutionary Emigration’, 154.
D. E. Emerson, Metternich and the Political Police: Security and Subversion in the Hapsburg Monarchy (1815–1830) (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1968), 51–4, 127–8.
For brief descriptions of the history of the evolution of record keeping of this sort and the rivalry between the different systems see: M. Fooner, Interpol: The Inside Story of the International Crime Fighting Organization (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1973), 6–11
R. Fosdick, European Police Systems (New York: The Century Co., 1915), 323–4, 334.
R. B. Jensen, ‘The International Anti-Anarchist Conference of 1898 and the Origins of Interpol’, JCH, 16 (April 1981): 327; Liang, The Rise of the Modern Police, 158–9, 163–4.
Ibid., 164, 166; B. Porter, ‘The British Government and Political Refugees, c.1880-1914’, in From the Other Shore: Russian Political Emigrants in Britain, ed. J. Slatter (London: Frank Cass, 1984), 29.
C. Fijnaut, ‘Police Co-operation within western Europe’, in Crime in Europe, ed. F. Heidensohn and M. Farrell (London: Routledge, 1991), 104–5; Liang, The Rise of the Modern Police, 173; Jensen, ‘The International Anti-Anarchist Conference’, 337.
Dispatch no. 510, Paris, 2 December/19 November 1907, FAAr, 34, Va, 4; B. Porter, The Origins of the Vigilant State (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987), 159.
B. Chapman, Police State (Basingstoke: Macmillan — now Palgrave Macmillan, 1970), passim.
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© 2003 Fredric S. Zuckerman
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Zuckerman, F.S. (2003). Brothers in Arms? The Beginnings of International Police Co-operation and the Russian Revolutionary Emigration. In: The Tsarist Secret Police Abroad. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230514935_3
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