Abstract
BW is the deliberate spreading of disease among humans, animals, and crops. This book examines deliberate disease against crops as a form of biological warfare.
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Notes
SIPRI Yearbook, World Armaments and Disarmament, Oxford University Press, 1989, p.100.
In addition to the OTA’s stages in the acquisition of a militarily significant biological warfare capability reproduced here as a Table 1.1, other commentators have also identified respective stages in this process. For example in 1996, Meselson submitted evidence to the US National Academy of Sciences outlining some 27 respective stages. See J.P. Perry Robinson, ‘Some Political Aspects of the Control of Biological Weapons’, Science in Parliament, Vol., 53, No. 3, May/June, 1996, p. 10. The number of stages in Meselson’s list had increased to 28 when the list was reproduced again in 1997 — see
M. Meselson, ‘Background Notes on Biological Weapons, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 20 August 1997, p. 13. Similarly, a list entitled, ‘Stages in the Development of an Offensive Capability’, adapted from a list published in SIPRI, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Volume V: The Prevention of CBW, 1971, was reproduced by C. Piller and K. Yamamoto, with some 24 respective stages. See, The US Biological Defense Research Program in the 1980’s: A Critique,
in S. Wright (ed.), Preventing a Biological Arms Race, MIT Press, 1990, p. 142. However, for the purpose of this discussion, the OTA’s simplified version of the stages in the acquisition of a military significant biological warfare capability has been adopted.
J.A. Poupard and L.A. Miller, ‘History of Biological Warfare: Catapults to Capsomers’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992, 666, pp.9–19.
M. Wheelis, ‘Biological Warfare Before 1914: The Prescientific Era’, in E. Geissler and J.E. van Courtland Moon (eds), Biological and Toxin Weapons Research, Development and Use from the Middle Ages to 1945: A Critical Comparative Analysis, SIPRI Study No.18, Oxford University Press, 1999.
M.R. Dando, ‘Technological Change and Future Biological Warfare’, paper presented at a conference on ‘Biological Warfare and Disarmament: Problems, Perspectives, Possible Solutions’, UNIDIR, Geneva, 5–8 July 1998.
Lepick, O., ‘French Activities Related to Biological Warfare: 1919–1945’, in E. Geissler and J.E. van Courtland Moon (eds), Biological and Toxin Weapons Research, Development and Use from the Middle Ages to 1945: A Critical Comparative Analysis, Oxford University Press, SIPRI Study No.18, 1999.
Theodore Rosebury, Peace or Pestilence, McGraw-Hill 1949, p.55.
R.M. Page, E.C. Tullis, and T.L. Morgan, ‘Studies on Factors Affecting the Infectivity of Helminthosporium oryzae’, Phytopathology, 37: 281, May 1947.
Tullis, E.C. et al., The Importance of Rice and the Possible Impact of Anti-rice Warfare, Technical Study No. 5, Office of the Deputy Commander for Scientific Activities, Biological Warfare Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Maryland, March 1958, 58-FDS-302.
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© 2002 Simon M. Whitby
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Whitby, S.M. (2002). Introduction. In: Biological Warfare Against Crops. Global Issues Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230514645_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230514645_1
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