Abstract
As early as March 1995, the influential London-based journal, WarReport, carried a feature on Albania entitled ‘Hoxha is dead, long live Berisha’.1 This significant article crystallized the extent to which Dr Sali Berisha had consolidated control in the style of his ultra-communist predecessors. To those who knew Albania, this process came as no surprise. Albania is, without question, the most problematic of the post-communist states which experienced political transformation in the period 1989–96. All the countries of East-Central Europe (ECE) started from varying levels of potential for democratization and mass politics, and Albania was actually the last one to hold multi-party elections. But while the others are struggling with the legacy of state socialism, Albania has embarked on nothing less than a metamorphosis from a rigid Stalinism. As an ultra-communist maverick entity, poised between Greece and the Balkans, Albania is truly the exception to all our generalizations about post-communist transitional states. Economically, the new regime has started virtually from scratch.2 The political climate has been no less bleak. Between 1994 and 1990, the ruling Albania Workers’ Party (AWP) banned all independent political organizations. Therefore, Albania’s December 1990 Decree of the Presidium of the People’s Assembly (providing for a multi-party system) constituted a political revolution.3
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Notes
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Duffy, T. (2000). Albania: beyond the Hoxha legacy. In: Kostecki, W., Żukrowska, K., Góralczyk, B.J. (eds) Transformations of Post-Communist States. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511309_5
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