Abstract
The norm against the deliberate use of poison and disease in warfare can be traced back several hundred if not thousand years. This ‘taboo’ became embodied in the 20th century in three international treaties which form the basis of the two chemical and biological weapons prohibition regimes that are still today the major instruments in the fight against the spread of biological and chemical weapons proliferation and use. The three legal instruments are the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
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Notes and References
See D. E. Kaplan and A. Marshall, The Cult at the End of the World (London: Hutchinson, 1996).
M. Leitenberg, ‘The Experience of the Japanese Aum Shinrikyo Group and Biological Agents’, in B. Roberts (ed.), Hype or Reality: the ‘New Terrorism’ and Mass Casualty Attacks (Alexandria, VA: CBACI, 2000), pp.159–70.
See M. R. Dando, Preventing Biological Warfare. The Failure of American Leadership (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
See Chapter 4 for a discussion of these experiments.
See M. A. Levy et al., ‘The Study of International Regimes’, European Journal of International Relations, 1 (3), 1995, 267–330.
A. Hasenclever, P. Mayer and V. Rittberger, Theories of International Regimes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
A. Hasenclever, P. Mayer and V. Rittberger, Fair Burden-Sharing and the Robustness of International Regimes: the Case of Food Aid, Tübinger Arbeitspapiere zur International Politik und Friedensforschung Nr.31, Tübingen, 1998, p.1, emphasis in original.
H. Müller et al., Regime unter Stress. Beharrungs- und Anpassungsleistungen internationaler Regime unter den Bedingungen existenzgefåhrdender Herausforderungen (Frankfurt/Main: PRIF, February 1999), unpublished manuscript.
Müller et al., Regime unter Stress, pp.10–11, 15–24.
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© 2006 Alexander Kelle, Kathryn Nixdorff and Malcolm Dando
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Kelle, A., Nixdorff, K., Dando, M. (2006). Introduction and Overview. In: Controlling Biochemical Weapons. Global Issues Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230503496_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230503496_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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