Abstract
In Nazi Germany there was no Opposition. The Government answered to nobody. The Foreign Ministry — the Wilhelmstrasse — was ignored by Hitler when not closely subordinated to his will. Unlike the leaders of France and Britain, Hitler was not paralysed by the fear of another war. He calculated that the Democracies would do anything rather than face the possibility of conflict. His objectives were to establish Germany as a military power and have the Versailles Treaty revised, to incorporate German minorities into the Reich and ultimately to conquer `living-space’ — Lebensraum — in the East.
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References
Documents on German Foreign Policy, No. 2.
Information from Herr Peter Emmerich, of the Bayreuther Festspiele. Ac-cording to an eyewitness, however, Hitler saw Die Walkurie. (My thanks to Professor Paul Preston for this information.)
E. Von Weizsaecker, Memoirs, p. 107.
W. Shirer, Berlin Diary, pp. 58, 60.
Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores (AMAE), Madrid (Azaria Papers RE144, C5 and C6: REM C88).
A. Galland, The First and the Last, p. 23.
A. Koestler, Spanish Testament, p. 37.
J. Coverdale, La intervención fascista en la guerra civil española, p. 107.
J. Tusell and I. Saz, ‘Mussolini y Primo de Rivera: las relaciones politicas y diplomáticas de dos dictaduras meditetráneas’, in Italia y la guerra civil española.
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I. Saz, Mussolini contra la Segunda Reptiblica española, pp. 139–141.
Ibid., p. 153.
The texts of the cables are in ibid., Appendix 5.
P. Sainz Rodriguez, Testimonio y recuerdos, p. 233.
G. Ciano, Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers, pp. 21–2.
G. Ciano, Ciano’s Diary1939–1943, p. 33.
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© 2004 Michael Alpert
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Alpert, M. (2004). Chapter 3. In: A New International History of the Spanish Civil War. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501010_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501010_4
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