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The Price of Political Uniqueness: Swiss Foreign Policy in a Changing World

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Swiss Foreign Policy, 1945–2002

Abstract

On 3 March 2002, the Swiss voted in favour of joining the United Nations. Less than a year earlier, on 10 June 2001, they had approved a government bill permitting regular units of the Swiss Armed Forces to participate in operations abroad. Although in both cases the voting results were extremely narrow, they are an indication of change. Switzerland is overcoming its traditional reluctance to participate actively in international politics and to join the necessary organisations.1 However, there is still a long way to go. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union, and neither is it part of the European Economic Area (EEA), the Union’s antechamber. Needless to say, the country is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), although it has begun to participate in a number of activities related to NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP). As is well known, Switzerland is hesitant to join certain international organisations.2

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Notes

  1. For a brief summary of important Swiss foreign policy facts, see Jürg Martin Gabriel and Sandra Hedinger, ‘Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik’, in Ulrich Klöti et al. (eds), Handbuch der Schweizer Politik ( Zürich: NZZ Verlag, 1999 ), pp. 694–723.

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  2. For decades after the Second World War, the Swiss government distinguished between ‘technical’ and ‘political’ international organisations and argued that adhering to the latter was incompatible with neutrality. Membership in ‘technical’ organisations like the Council of Europe or WTO (formerly GATT), so the government argued, was in the national Swiss interest. Although the unfortunate distinction was formally abandoned some time ago, it is still engrained in the public mind. The United Nations, the European Union, and NATO are still considered to be highly ‘political’. See Jürg Martin Gabriel and Manuel Rybach, ‘Die Schweiz in der Welt’, in Klöti et al., Handbuch der Schweizer Politik, pp. 35–51; see also Urs Altermatt, ‘Die Schweiz auf dem Weg von der Isolation zur Kooperation’, in Roman Berger et al. (eds), Für den Uno-Beitritt der Schweiz (Basel: Friedrich Reinhard Verlag, 1982), pp. 102–11.

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  5. For more details on how the Swiss see their role in foreign policy and on the link between domestic and foreign policy, see Laurent Goetschel, Magdalena Bernath, Daniel Schwarz, Schweizerische Aussenpolitik: Grundlagen und Möglichkeiten ( Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 2002 ), pp. 39–82.

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  6. The government’s 1990 Security Report is based on strategic ‘uncertainty’ and a return to the old balance of power politics; see Schweizerische Sicherheitspolitik im Wandel: Bericht 90 des Bundesrates an die Bundesversammlung über die Sicherheitspolitik der Schweiz vom 1. Oktober 1990; see also Alois Riklin, ‘Die Neutralität der Schweiz’, in Alois Riklin, Hans Haug and Raymond Probst (eds), Neues Handbuch der schweizerischen Aussenpolitik (Bern: Paul Haupt Verlag, 1992), pp. 206–7

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© 2003 Jürg Martin Gabriel

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Gabriel, J.M. (2003). The Price of Political Uniqueness: Swiss Foreign Policy in a Changing World. In: Swiss Foreign Policy, 1945–2002. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500242_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500242_1

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51136-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-230-50024-2

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