Abstract
‘If it ain’t broke, change my nose anyway.’1
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Elspeth Probyn’s ‘The Taste of Power’, in Jenna Mead (ed.) Bodyjamming: Sexual Harassment, Feminism and Public Life, Vintage, Milson’s Point, 1997, touches on this tendency.
Kathy Davis, Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgety, Routledge, New York and London, 1995.
Sander Gilman, Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1999.
See Teresa de Lauretis, Technologies of Gender, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1987. Cosmetic surgery is a technology of race, class and age as well as gender, though this book will concentrate on its role as a technology of gender. This is not to argue that race, age and class do not inflect notions of gender. Rather, this project will focus on gender, taking into account these inflections where relevant. The notion of technologies of gender will be explained in detail in Chapter 1.
Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, Brian Massumi (trans.), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1987, p. 9.
Diane MacDonell, Theories of Discourse, Blackwell, Oxford, 1986, p. 3.
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: The Will To Knowledge, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1978, p. 100.
Maureen Caine, ‘Foucault, Feminism and Feeling: What Foucault Can and Cannot Contribute to Feminist Epistemology’, Caroline Ramazanoglu (ed.), Up against Foucault: Explorations of Some Tensions between Foucault and Feminism, Routledge, London and New York, 1993, p. 80.
Celia Roberts, ‘Messengers of Sex’, PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 1998, provides an excellent short overview of this area of scholarship.
See Evelyn Fox Keller, Reflections on Gender and Science, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1995; Emily Martin, The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction, Beacon Press, Boston, 1987; Emily Martin, Flexible Bodies: The Role of Immunity in American Culture from the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS, Beacon Press, Boston, 1994.
See, for example, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men, Basic Books, New York, 1992.
See Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY and London, 1986; Sandra Harding, ‘Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is ‘Strong Objectivity’?’, in Linda Alcoff and Elizabeth Potter (eds), Feminist Epistemologies, Routledge, London and New York, 1993, pp. 49–82.
Bruce Walton Taylor, ‘The Development of Australasian Plastic Surgery’, Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons homepage, www.plasticsurgery.org.au (1999).
See Jill Julius Matthews, ‘They Had Such a Lot of Fun: The Women’s League of Health and Beauty Between the Wars’, History Workshop Journal, no. 30, 1990, pp. 22–54, and her ‘Building the Body Beautiful’, Australian Feminist Studies, no. 5, Summer, 1987, pp. 17–33. Interestingly, the name of the organisation was changed to the League of Health when it arrived in Australia, suggesting that beauty was considered of less interest to Australian women than to British women. This emphasis on health can be identified in Thea Stanley Hughes, The League of Health in Australia, League of Health, Sydney, 1961.
As Libby Harkness notes in her Australian consumers’ survey of cosmetic surgery, ‘[a]lthough plastic surgeons are not the only medical specialists who perform cosmetic surgery they have always claimed it as their own’. Libby Harkness, Skin Deep: A Consumer’s Guide to Cosmetic Surgery in Australia, Doubleday, Sydney, 1994, p. 32.
Nora Jacobson, Cleavage, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey and London, 2000, p. 79.
Thomas Biggs et al., ‘Augmentation Mammoplasty: A Review of 18 years’, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 69, no. 3, March 1982.
Robin Bromby, ‘Cosmetic Surgery — The New Medical Bonanza’, The National Times, 21–27 December 1980, p. 16.
See the Independent Review Group web-site, at www.siliconereview.gov.uk/history/index.htm (1 November 2002).
See Stuart Hall, ‘Encoding/Decoding’, in Culture, Media, Language, Hutchinson, London, 1980.
Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell, Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour, Sage, London, 1987.
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© 2003 Suzanne Fraser
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Fraser, S. (2003). Introduction. In: Cosmetic Surgery, Gender and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500228_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230500228_1
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