Abstract
The transformation of the energy system during the period between the 16th and 19th centuries was the necessary, al though not sufficient, condition of modern growth, first in Europe and then in the rest of the World. The transition to alternative forms of energy was prompted by the decline in per capita energy availability in early modern Europe du ring the phase of population rise from the late Middle Ages onwards. The transformation taking place in the energy system was composed of two significant changes, the first aimed at saving land, and the second labour.
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Malanima, P. (2012). The Path Towards the Modern Economy The Role of Energy. In: Chiarini, B., Malanima, P. (eds) From Malthus’ Stagnation to Sustained Growth. Central Issues in Contemporary Economic Theory and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230392496_5
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