Abstract
Joan de Valence was born to Warin de Munchensy,1 lord of Swanscombe, Kent, and Joan Marshal, daughter of William Marshal and Isabella de Clare, earl and countess of Pembroke, probably the second child born to that family—her brother, John, was apparently the elder child. After her mother’s death, her father remarried: Denise de Anesty was a widow and heiress, but not of the elevated social standing of her predecessor. She did, however, provide her second husband with a second son, William, and enjoyed yet another marriage—and another period of widowhood—after Warin’s death.
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Notes
The tale of William Marshal’s life has been told by historians as diverse as Sidney Painter, William Marshal: Knight-Errant, Baron, and Regent of England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1933)
Georges Duby, William Marshal: The Flower of Chivalry, tr. Richard Howard (New York: Pantheon Books, 1985).
David Crouch, William Marshal: Knighthood, War and Chivalry, 1147–1219, 2nd ed. (London: Longman, 2002).
Chron. Maj., trans. Giles, II: 441–442. Matthew mistakenly names Eleanor “Johanna the king’s sister.” See also Louise Wilkinson, Eleanor de Montfort: A Rebel Countess in Medieval England (London: Continuum, 2012), 11–12.
See Linda E. Mitchell, Portraits of Medieval Women: Family, Marriage, and Politics in England 1225–1350 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003)
Margaret Howell, Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001), 53.
Andrew M. Spencer, Nobility and Kingship in Medieval England: The Earls and Edward I, 1272–1307 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 22
John Higgitt, The Murthly Hours: Devotion, Literacy and Luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic West (London: The British Library and University of Toronto Press, 2000).
Chron. Maj., trans. Giles, II: 230–231. “[A]nd thus in a great measure the English nobility fell to the lot of foreigners and unknown persons.” 26. The barons also were seemingly hostile to what they perceived as the undue influence of Queen Eleanor of Provence on the marriage arrangements of young heirs who were wards of the crown. See Margaret Howell, Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1998), 51–52.
See R. R. Davies, Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales, 1063–1415, History of Wales, v. 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press and University of Wales Press, 1987)
Phillips, “The Anglo-Norman Nobility,” emphasizes the connections between Wales and Ireland after the twelfth-century conquest. See also Orpen, Ireland under the Normans; A. J. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (London: Ernest Benn Ltd., 1968)
Flores Hist., II: 339 as referenced by Frank R. Lewis, “William de Valence (c. 1230–1296),” Pt. I Aberystwyth Studies 13 (1934): 11–35
See Huw Ridgeway, “William de Valence and his Familiares, 1247–72,” Historical Research 65, no. 158 (1992): 239–257
This has been discussed by Margaret Wade Labarge several times, as well as by Louise Wilkinson. The most efficient reference to Eleanor’s marriage portion and dower is in J. R. Maddicott, Simon de Montfort (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 50–51.
The first description is far more common. See R. E. Treharne and I. J. Sanders, Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion, 1258–1267 (Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts, 1973)
H. G. Richardson and G. O. Sayles, eds., The Administration of Ireland, 1172–1377 (Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1963)
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© 2016 Linda E. Mitchell
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Mitchell, L.E. (2016). Growing Up as a Marshal, Marriage, and Motherhood (1230–58). In: Joan de Valence. The New Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230392014_2
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