Abstract
When the American president speaks, he talks to the world. On September 18, 2001, the president told the world what had just then happened that changed everything and who had done it and why. And he said what we would do.
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Notes
For example, polled after the president’s speech, 89 percent of Americans supported military action, 73 percent supported a sustained antiterror campaign, and 76 percent said they would support a campaign even in the event of the deaths of 5,000 troops. See J. R. George Gallup, The 2001 Gallup Poll: Public Opinion (New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002), 224.
Hew Stracham, The First World War (New York: Penguin, 2004), 234. Ironically, Halévy would later become associated with Marshal Philippe Pétain and the French right wing.
William Whitney Stueck, The Korean War: An International Perspective (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), 55–61.
Robert McNamara, Argument without End (New York: PublicAffairs, 1999), 23–24.
See, for example, Steve Coll, Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin, 2004).
Mahmoud Belhaymer, “Bush’s War,” Al-Khabar, Algiers, Algeria, September 13, 2002. English translation provided by Worldpress.org.
See, for example, Central Intelligence Agency, Misreading Intentions: Iraq’s Reaction to Inspections Created Picture of Deception, January 5, 2006, 15–16.
President George W. Bush, television and radio address from the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln, May 1, 2003.
See tables, for example, Weekly Attacks in Iraq, January 2004-May 2010 and Civilian Deaths, January 2006–May 2010, in Michael R. Gordon and Gen. Bernard E. Trainor, The Endgame (New York: Pantheon Books, 2012), xv, xvi.
Thomas E. Ricks, The Gamble (New York: Penguin, 2009), 127–128.
Gagor Steingart, “Searching in Vain for the Obama Magic,” Der Spiegel, Berlin, Germany, December 2, 2009. English in the original.
Ramiro Andrade Terán, “Shame on Obama,” El País, December 15, 2009, Cali, Colombia. Translated by Patrick Blakemore, edited by Amy Wong, and published by WatchingAmerica.org.
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© 2013 James Thomas Snyder
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Snyder, J.T. (2013). Fighting Words. In: The United States and the Challenge of Public Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230390713_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230390713_2
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