Abstract
In America controversy about advice has been a comparatively recent phenomenon. From time to time the question ‘who advises the president?’ has been a matter of interest and occasionally disquiet, but it was the Watergate scandal of 1973–4 that transformed the presidential advisory system into a subject of urgent public debate.
Now, after bitter experience, we are having to learn all over again that no single man or institution can ever be counted upon as a reliable or predictable repository of wisdom and benevolence; that the possession of great power can impair a man’s judgement and cloud his perception of reality, and that our only protection against the misuse of power is the institutionalized interaction of a diversity of independent opinions.1
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Notes
Fulbright, J.W., (Senator) ‘The Decline and Possible Fall of Constitutional Democracy in America’ in Bach, Stanley and Sulzner, George, T., eds Perspectives on the Presidency (New York: D.C.Heath & Co., 1974) pp. 355–64, p. 357.
Koenig, Louis W., The Chief Executive 5th edn (New York: Harcourt Brace Janovich, 1986) p. 80.
Neustadt, Richard E., Presidential Power — Politics of Leadership with Reflections on Johnson and Nixon (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1976) p. 101.
See Cronin, Thomas, ‘A Resurgent Congress and the Imperial Presidency’ Political Science Quarterly Vol.95, No.2, Summer 1980, pp. 209–37, particularly pp. 211–16.
Binkley, Wilfred, E., President and Congress (New York: Vintage Books, 1962) p. 103.
See Hamilton, Alexander, ‘Federalist Paper LXX’, The Federalist Papers (London: Penguin, 1987) p. 402.
McClelland, J.S., The Crowd and the Mob (London: Unwin, 1989) p. 107.
Binkley, Wilfred, E., The Man in the White House (New York: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 149.
Cit. Haight, David E. and Johnson, Larry D., eds The Presidents Roles and Powers (New York: Rand McNulty & Co., 1965) p. 128.
Brownlow Report, cit., Vile, J.M.C., The Politics of the USA 4th edn (London: Unwin, 1987) pp. 205–6.
Greenstein, Fred I., Leadership in the Modern Presidency, (Harvard: University Press, 1988) p. 348.
See Hodgson, Godfrey, ‘After the Parties Break Up’, Independent 17 June 1992, p. 23.
White, Theodore, Breach of Faith: the fall of Richard Nixon (New York: Atheneum, 1975) p. 92.
See Koenig, Louis W., The Invisible Presidency (New York: Rinehart, 1960) pp. 15–22.
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© 1997 Sue Pryce
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Pryce, S. (1997). An American Presidential Model. In: Presidentializing the Premiership. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230379992_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230379992_3
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