Abstract
It was in the manuscript of chapter 50 of Far from the Madding Crowd—“Greenhill was the Nijnii [sic] Novgorod of Wessex”—that Hardy seems first to have used the term Wessex; its first appearance in print dates from the publication of the chapter in the Cornhill as part of the November 1874 serial instalment.1 The term did not appear elsewhere in the serial or the first edition—other occurrences are the result of later revision—but its revival in the opening sentence of Hardy’s next novel, The Hand of Ethelberta, confirmed beyond doubt that he was laying claim to a whole fictional region. A map of Wessex as it existed in 1874 would have been a simple affair : Budmouth and Melchester had been located, Casterbridge lightly sketched in, Mellstock and Weatherbury surveyed in some detail; a few other places had been mentioned, some of them under names later abandoned; the region as a whole had been placed in relation to the actual geography of England by the account of Bathsheba’s journey to Bath. Wessex was to be much developed in later books and in the process of revision, but the publication of Far from the Madding Crowd established the name and the broad framework, while the overlapping of Under the Greenwood Tree and Far from the Madding Crowd, slight as it was, already demonstrated possibilities not only of greater expansion but of greater density.
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Notes
Hardy to William Rothenstein, March 11, 1912 (Harvard). Hardy said that his father’s recollections of the period had made it familiar to him since childhood. See p. 267 and n.; also Barbara Kerr, Bound to the Soil: A Social History of Dorset 1750–1918 (London, 1968), pp. 90–119.
Hardy had a childhood memory of a boy who died of starvation: Later Years, p. 93; H. Rider Haggard, Rural England (London, 1902), I, 282. Barbara Kerr, Bound to the Soil, p. 116, mentions the death from starvation of a father and son at Sutton Poyntz (the Overcombe of The Trumpet-Major) in January 1847.
‘The Dorsetshire Labourer’, p. 252. (Personal Writings, p. 169). Other sources: Arnold White, ed., The Letters of S.G.O.: A Series of Letters on Public Affairs Written by the Rev. Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne and Published in ‘The Times’ 1844–1888. 2 vols. (London, n.d.), I, 1–4, 14–20, 27–33, 38–44; Times, June 18, 1846, p. 5, June 25, 1846, p. 3, July 2, 1846, p. 6; also ‘The Peasantry of Dorsetshire’, Illustrated London News, September 5, 1846, 156– 158. Particularly interesting, both for its arguments and as a source of further references, is William J. Hyde, ‘Hardy’s View of Realism: A Key to the Rustic Characters’, Victorian Studies, 2 (1958), [45]–59.
‘The Arcadians of Dorset’, Daily Telegraph, April 30, 1872, p. 5; attributed to ‘Our Special Correspondent’. The article is quoted in full in Francis George Heath, The English Peasantry (London, 1874), pp. 27–40.
‘The Arcadians of Dorset’, p. 5. For interesting historical notes see O. D. Harvey, Puddletown (Thomas Hardy’s Weatherbury’), (Puddletown, 1968), esp. pp. 17–36.
Purdy, Introduction to Far from the Madding Crowd, p. viin.; Weber, ‘Chronology in Hardy’s Novels’, PMLA, 53 (1938), 314,
and cf. Weber, ed., Far from the Madding Crowd (New York, 1959), p. 386. Cf. O. D. Harvey, Puddletown, p. 17.
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© 1994 Michael Millgate
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Millgate, M. (1994). Puddletown into Weatherbury: The Genesis of Wessex. In: Thomas Hardy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230379534_8
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