Abstract
This chapter will provide an indication of some of the characteristics of informal mediation by private individuals in conflicts between nations, or in conflicts within a nation where external involvement may be present. I draw mainly on my experiences as the coordinator of a third-party team that mediated between the Greek and Turkish sides on Cyprus from 1972 until the invasion of the Turkish army in 1974. Following the initiative of the International Peace Academy, we were working in parallel with the United Nations Forces to help resettle the Turkish villagers who had become refugees during the ‘time of troubles’ in 1963.1 However the experience had many similarities with my experience in mediation in intergroup relations in communities or larger social entities in the United States,2 Curacao,3 and South Africa.4 The same principles of informal, private mediation seem to apply no matter what the system level.
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Notes
A. Paul Hare (ed.), Cyprus Resettlement Project: An Instance of International Peacemaking (Beer Sheva, Israel: Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1984)
A. Paul Hare and Ellen Wilkinson, ‘Cyprus: Conflict and its resolution’, in A.P. Hare and H.H. Blumberg (eds) Liberation without Violence (London: Rex Collings, 1977), pp. 239–47. See also a collection of documents from the project in the Peace Collection, Swarthmore College Library.
A. Paul Hare, ‘When students protest what can teachers do?’, Educatio (South Africa), 4th Quarter (1976) pp. 14–16
A. Paul Hare (ed.), The Struggle for Democracy in South Africa: Conflict and Conflict Resolution (Cape Town: Centre for Intergroup Studies, University of Cape Town, 1983).
C.H.M. Yarrow, Quaker Experiences in International Conciliation (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978)
Elizabeth Gray Vining, Friend of Life: The Biography of Rufus M. Jones (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1958)
A. Paul Hare and Herbert H. Blumberg (eds), A Search for Peace and Justice: Reflections of Michael Scott (London: Rex Collings, 1980)
Richard K. Ullmann, The Dilemmas of a Reconciler (London: Quaker Peace and Service, 1984)
Ronald L. Warren, ‘The conflict intersystem and the change agent’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 8 (1964) pp. 231–41
T.J. Pickvance, ‘Third party mediation in national minority disputes: Some lessons from the South Tyrol problem’, in C.R. Mitchell and K. Webb (eds), New Approaches to International Mediation (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988) pp. 131–46
Adam Curle, In the Middle: Non-Official Mediation in Violent Situations (Leamington Spa: Berg Publishers Ltd, 1986)
John Lampen (compiler), Will Warren: A Scrapbook (London: Quaker Home Service, 1983); Hendrick W. van der Merwe, ‘South African initiatives: Contrasting opinions in the mediation process’, in Mitchell and Webb, op. cit., pp. 180–94
Bob Considine, The Remarkable Life of Dr. Armand Hammer (New York: Harper and Row, 1975)
Armand Hammer, with Neil Lyndon, Hammer (New York: G.P. Putnam and Sons, 1987)
Dan Fisher, ‘Afghan settlement may be near, Hammer says’, Los Angeles Times, 15 October 1987, Part I, p. 14
Gary Lee, ‘Hammer has Afghan peace role: Shuttle diplomacy on Moscow’s behalf’, Washington Post, 17 October 1987, A 15.
Oran R. Young, The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crisis (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967)
Oran R. Young, ‘Intermediaries: Additional thoughts on third parties’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 16 (1972) pp. 51–65.
Jacob Bercovitch, ‘International dispute mediation: A comparative empirical analysis’, in K. Kressel and D.G. Pruitt (eds), Mediation Research: The Process and Effectiveness of Third-Party Intervention (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989), pp. 284–99.
Jeffrey Z. Rubin (ed.), Dynamics of Third Party Intervention: Kissinger in the Middle East (New York: Praeger, 1981).
I. William Zartman and Maureen R. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
Ronald J. Fisher, ‘Third party consultation: A method for the study and resolution of conflict’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 16 (1972) pp. 67–94
Ronald J. Fisher, ‘Third party consultation as a method of intergroup conflict resolution: A review of studies’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 27 (1983) pp. 301–34.
A. Paul Hare and Herbert H. Blumberg, Dramaturgical Analysis of Social Interaction (New York: Praeger, 1988).
Jacob Bercovitch, Social Conflict and Third Parties (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984), p. 31.
A. Paul Hare, ‘Group decisions by consensus: Reaching unity in the Society of Friends’, Sociological Inquiry, 43 (1973) pp. 75–84.
A. Paul, Hare, Creativity in Small Groups (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1982), ch. 10.
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© 1992 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Hare, A.P. (1992). Informal Mediation by Private Individuals. In: Bercovitch, J., Rubin, J.Z. (eds) Mediation in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375864_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375864_3
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