Abstract
The global economic system, like the systems within advanced industrial nations, does a lot of people a lot of good. Many people benefit from the international division of labor which calls for certain kinds of products and services to be produced in some places while others are produced in other places. Likewise, many people benefit from international trade. International lending programs, both official and private, have helped many industries and programs, and thus have benefited many people. There is hope that the structural adjustment programs pressed on developing nations by the international financial institutions since the early 1980s will, after a difficult transition period, help to modernize stagnant economies and integrate them into the global economic system, and thus help to pull people up out of their abject poverty.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes and References
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report1992 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 35.
John Abraham, Food and Development: The Political Economy of Hunger and the Modern Diet (London: World Wide Fund for Nature and Kogan Page Ltd., 1991), p. 112.
George Keni, The Political Economy of Hunger (New York: Praeger, 1984), pp. 41–64.
The literature is abundant. See, for example, Susan George, A Fate Worse Than Debt: The World Financial Crisis and the Poor (New York: Grove Press, 1988);
World Bank, World Development Report 1990 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990);
Bank Information Center, Funding Ecological and Social Destruction: The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (Washington, D.C: BIC, 1990);
J. De Jong, ‘Ten Best Readings in … Structural Adjustment and Health,’ Health Policy and Planning, Vol. 5 (1990), pp. 280–2;
S. O. Alubo, ‘Debt Crisis, Health, and Health Services in Africa,’ Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 31 (1990), pp. 639–48;
Danilo Turk, The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Second Progress Report (Geneva: Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1991/17, 1991);
Susan George, The Debt Boomerang: How Third World Debt Harms Us All (London: Pluto Press, 1992). The United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service has published a 227-page directory of organizations concerned with these issues. See Who’s Who on Debt and Structural Adjustment: A Directory of NGOs Involved in Research, Information and Advocacy (Geneva: UNNGLS, 1990).
James P. Grant, The State of the World’s Children1989 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 16–7.
R. J. Vogel, ‘Trends in Health Expenditures and Revenue Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa,’ Draft. (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1989),
as reported in Beth Ebel, Patterns of Government Expenditure in Developing Countries During the 1980s: The Impact on Social Services (Florence, Italy: UNICEF International Child Development Center, 1991), p. 41
Also see Ved P. Nanda, George W. Shepherd, Jr, and Eileen McCarthy-Arnolds, eds., World Debt and the Human Condition: Structural Adjustment and the Right to Development (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993).
Richard Jolly and Giovanni Andrea Cornia, The Impact of World Recession on Children (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984);
Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Richard Jolly, and Frances Stewart, eds., Adjustment with a Human Face: Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987)
A contrary view, arguing that debt’s impact on children has been exaggerated, may be found in Nicholas Eberstadt, ‘Is Third World Debt Killing Children?’ American Enterprise (November/ December 1990), pp. 57–63.
Stuart Gillespie and John Mason, Nutrition-Relevant Actions: Some Experiences from the Eighties and Lessons for the Nineties (Geneva: United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition, 1991), pp. 34–2.
Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Rolphvan der Hoeven, and Thandika Mkandawire, eds., Africa’s Recovery in the 1990s: From Stagnation and Adjustment to Human Development (New York: St. Martin’s/UNICEF. 1992).
Also see Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Changing Social Security in Latin America: Toward Alleviating the Social Costs of Economic Reform (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
Giovanni Andrea Cornia and Sándor Sipos, eds., Children and the Transition to the Market Economy: Safety Nets and Social Policies in Central and Eastern Europe (Aldershot: Avebury, 1991), p. 101.
UNICEF International Child Development Centre, Central and Eastern Europe in Transition: Public Policy and Social Conditions (Florence, Italy: ICDC. 1993).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food and Agriculture1974 (Rome: FAO, 1975), p. 110.
World Bank, World Development Report1984 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), p. 60.
Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich, Population, Resources, Environment: Issues in Human Ecology (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1972), pp. 20–2.
Frances Moore Lappé and Rachel Schurman, The Missing Piece in the Population Puzzle (San Francisco: Food First Development Report No. 4, Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1988), p. 2.
Having children is a way of creating options when the opportunities are bleak psychologically as well as economically. See Leon Dash, When Children Want Children: The Urban Crisis of Teenage Childbearing (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1989).
Garrett Hardin, ‘The Tragedy of the Commons,’ Science, Vol. 163 (December 13, 1968), pp. 1243–48. More recent perspectives are described in the emerging literature on ‘common property’ resources. See, for example, Panel on Common Property Resource Management, Proceedings of the Conference on Common Property Resource Management (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986).
Abdel R. Omran, ‘The Epidemiologic Transition: A Theory of the Epidemiology of Population Change,’ Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, Vol. 49, No. 4 (October 1971 ), Part I, pp. 509–38, at p. 511.
Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich, ‘Population, Plenty, and Poverty,’ National Geographic, Vol. 174, No. 6 (December 1988), pp. 914–45.
Anastasia Toufexis, ‘Overpopulation: Too Many Mouths,’ Time, January 2, 1989, pp. 48–50.
Rene Loewenson, Modern Plantation Agriculture (London: Zed, 1992).
Quoted in Werner Fornos, Regional Powder Kegs: Charting U.S. Security in an Exploding World (Washington, D.C.: The Population Institute, 1988), p. 4.
James P. Grant, The State of the World’s Children1993 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 1–2.
James P. Grant, The State of the World’s Children1994 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 13.
The argument is made for the United States in Mary A. Jensen and Stacie G. Goffin, eds., Visions of Entitlement: The Care and Education of America’s Children (Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1995 George Kent
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kent, G. (1995). The Global Economy. In: Children in the International Political Economy. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375536_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375536_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-39163-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37553-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)