Abstract
The Germany of 1871 was a federation of 22 monarchical states and three towns (plus Alsace-Lorraine under special status). The constitution of the Kaiserreich combined federal and unitarian, authoritarian and democratic aspects in a particular way.1 Foreign policy, customs, trade, communication and economic legislation were to be regulated centrally, but it was for the single states to implement the laws. The Reich had hardly any central administration at all. The states also retained important fields of legislation such as schooling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Hans Boldt, Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte, Band 2. Von 1806 bis zur Gegenwart second edition, Munich, 1993, pp. 168ff.
Francis L. Carsten, Geschichte der preußischen Junker Frankfurt-amMain, 1988, pp. 128 and 149.
Thomas Nipperdey, Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918. Erster Band. Arbeitswelt und Bürgergeist third edition, Munich, 1993, p. 35 and 269.
Carlo M. Cipolla, Literacy and Development in the West Harmondsworth, 1969, pp. 94 and 115.
Knut Borchardt, ‘The Industrial Revolution in Germany 1700–1914’, The Fontana Economic History of Europe vol. 4 (1), Glasgow, 1973, pp. 76–160, esp. p. 76
Hubert Kiesewetter, Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland 1815–1914, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1989, p. 33.
Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Zweiter Band. Von der Reformära bis zur industriellen und politischen ‘Deutschen Doppelrevolution’ 1815–1845/49 second edition, Munich, 1989, p. 613.
Richard H. Tilly, Vom Zollverein zum Industriestaat. Die wirtschaftlich-soziale Entwicklung Deutschlands 1834 bis 1914, Munich, 1990, p. 108.
Lawrence Stone, ‘The educational revolution in England 1560–1640’, Past and Present, vol. 28 (1964), pp. 41–80.
John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy edited with an introduction by Sir William Ashley, London, 1904, reprinted 1987, Fairfield, NJ, p. 109.
David Crew, Bochum. Sozialgeschichte einer Industriestadt 1860–1914, Frankfurt-am-Main/Berlin/Vienna 1980, p. 71. There must be a calculation mistake in Crew’s figures: if, as he writes, 10 807 of the population increase can be attributed to net immigration, and if the inward immigration was 232 092, then the outward migration must have been 221 285 (not 194 836).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1998 Wolfgang Zank
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zank, W. (1998). Germany after 1871 — Some General Aspects and Trends. In: The German Melting-Pot. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375208_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375208_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-40258-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37520-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)