Skip to main content

The Governance of Global Issues: Protecting Privacy in Personal Information

  • Chapter
New Modes of Governance in the Global System

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

The protection of personal information — privacy protection or data protection — has emerged as a major political and social issue in an era of rapid change in business practices, in the conduct of public sector functions, and in information and communication technologies (ICTs). The volume and flow of personal data for use in the processes of business and government takes place within, and increasingly across, territorial borders in ways that pose severe challenges for regulatory policy and practice. Whilst the protection of privacy for personal information is a global issue, there is no universal framework of institutions for regulating the collection, use, storage and communication of personal information, and processes associated with these activities. However, a set of principles is shared by jurisdictions that have developed policies and laws for protecting information privacy, and has gained acceptance within the private sector as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (2004), Strategy Document, 11648/04/EN, WP 98, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs2004_en.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (2003), Opinion 3/2003 on the European Code of Conduct of FEDMA for the use of Personal Data in Direct Marketing, 10066/03/EN final, WP 77, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs2003_en.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (2002), Opinion 1/2002 on the CEN/ISSS Report on Privacy Standardisation in Europe, 10761/02/EN/Final, WP 57, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs2003en.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (1998a), Working Document: Judging Industry Self Regulation: When Does it Make a Meaningful Contribution to the Level of Data Protection in a Third Country?, DG XV D/5057/97 final, WP 7, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs1998_en.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (1998b), Future Work on Codes of Conduct: Working Document on the Procedure for the Consideration by the Working Party of Community Codes of Conduct, DG XV D/5004/98 WP 13, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs1998_en.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, C. (1997), ‘Convergence Revisited: Toward a Global Policy for the Protection of Personal Data’, in P. Agre and M. Rotenberg (eds), Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, C. (1992), Regulating Privacy: Data Protection and Public Policy in Europe and the United States, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, C. and C. Raab (2003), The Governance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective, Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bygrave, L. (2004), ‘Privacy Protection in a Global Context — A Comparative Overview’, Scandinavian Studies in Law 47: 319–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bygrave, L. (2002), Data Protection Law: Approaching its Rationale, Logic and Limits, The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Standards Association (1996), Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information, CAN/CSA-Q830-96, Rexdale: Canadian Standards Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlesworth, A. (2000), ‘Clash of the Data Titans? US and EU Data Privacy Regulation’, European Public Law 6: 253–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P. (2002), ‘Australia: Where Forward Co-Regulation?’, paper presented at the Growing Australia Online Conference, 3rd–4th December, Canberra, http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000192/

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R. (2000), ‘Beyond the OECD Guidelines: Privacy Protection for the 21st Century’, http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/DV/PP21C.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities (2004), Seventh Report on the Situation Regarding the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and Privacy in the European Union and in Third Countries Covering the Years 2002 and 2003, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/workinggroup/wpdocs2004_en.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities(2003), Report from the Commission — First Report on the Implementation of the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC), COM(2003) 265 final,http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/rpt/2003/com2003 0265 en01.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe (1981), Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108), Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhont, J., M. Pérez Asinari, Y. Poullet, J. Reidenberg and L. Bygrave (2004), Safe Harbour Decision Implementation Study, Namur: CRID, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice home/fsj/privacy/docs/studies/safe-harbour-2004_en.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Diffie, W. and S. Landau (1998), Privacy on the Line: The Politics of Wiretapping and Encryption, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, C. (2001), ‘Hybrid Governance Across National Jurisdictions as a Challenge to Constitutional Law’, Bonn: Preprints aus der Max-Planck-Projektgruppe Recht der Gemeinschaftsgüter, 2001/8.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (1995), Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, Brussels: OJ No. L281, 24 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, H. (2003), ‘Privacy in the Digital Age: States, Private Actors and Hybrid Arrangements’, http://www.henryfarrell.net/hybrid.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, H. (2002), ‘Negotiating Privacy Across Arenas: The EU-US “Safe Harbour” Discussions’, in A. Héritier (ed.), Common Goods: Reinventing European and International Governance, Lanham, and Boulder: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellman, R. (1993), ‘Fragmented, Incomplete and Discontinuous: The Failure of Federal Privacy Regulatory Proposals and Institutions’, Software Law Journal 6: 199–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenleaf, G. (2003), ‘Australia’s APEC Privacy Initiative: The Pros and Cons of “OECD Lite”’, http://www.bakercyberlawcentre.org/appcc/apec_ini.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • ILO (1997), Protection of Workers’ Personal Data: An ILO Code of Practice. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, M. (1999), Privacy Protection, a New Beginning: OECD Principles 20 Years On’, http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/PLPR/1999/41.html

    Google Scholar 

  • Knill, C. and D. Lehmkuhl (2002), ‘Private Actors and the State: Institutionalization and Changing Patterns of Governance’, Governance 15 (1): 41–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig-Archibugi, M. and M. Zürn (2002), The Governance of Global Issues: Effectiveness, Accountability and Constitutionalization’, prospectus for workshop at the European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops, Edinburgh, 28 March–2 April 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman, J. (2003), Governance as Governing, London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessig, L. (1999), Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, D. (ed.) (2003), Surveillance as Social Sorting: Privacy, Risk, and Digital Discrimination, London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, D. (2001), Surveillance Society: Monitoring Everyday Life, Buckingham: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Schönberger, V. (1997), ‘Generational Development of Data Protection in Europe’, in P. Agre and M. Rotenberg (eds), Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2002), OECD Guidelines for the Security of In formation Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2000), Guidelines for Consumer Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1999), Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, Inventory of Instruments and Mechanisms Contributing to the Implementation and Enforcement of the OECD Privacy Guidelines on Global Networks, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1998), Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, A Borderless World: Realizing the Potential of Global Electronic Commerce, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1997), Cryptography Policy: The Guidelines and the Issues, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1992), Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1985), Declaration on Transborder Data Flows, Paris: OECD.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (1981), Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data, Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poullet, Y. (2001), ‘How to Regulate Internet: New Paradigms for Internet Governance Self-Regulation: Value and Limits’, in Cahiers du Centre de Recherches Informatique et Droit (CRID), Variations sur le Droit de la Société de l’Information, Cahiers du CRID No. 20, Brussels: Bruylant.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raab, C. (1999), ‘From Balancing to Steering: New Directions for Data Protection’, in C. Bennett and R. Grant (eds), Visions of Privacy: Policy Choices for the Digital Age, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raab, C. (1997), ‘Co-Producing Data Protection’, International Review of Law, Computers and Technology 11: 11–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raab, C. and C. Bennett (1994), ‘Protecting Privacy Across Borders: European Policies and Prospects’, Public Administration 72: 95–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raab, C., C. Bennett, R. Gellman and N. Waters (1998), Application of a Methodology Designed to Assess the Adequacy of the Level of Protection of Individuals with Regard to Processing Personal Data: Test of the Method on Several Categories of Transfer, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Commission, http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/studies/method-adequacyen.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Regan, P. (1995), Legislating Privacy: Technology, Social Values and Public Policy, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reidenberg, J. (1998), ‘Lex Informatica: The Formulation of Information Policy Rules Through Technology’, Texas Law Review 76: 552–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reidenberg, J. (1997), ‘Governing Networks and Rule-Making in Cyberspace’, in B. Kahin and C. Nesson (eds), Borders in Cyberspace, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinecke, W. (1998), Global Public Policy: Governing Without Government?, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, R. (1981), Control and Power in Central-Local Government Relations, Aldershot: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronit, K. and V. Schneider (1999), ‘Global Governance Through Private Organizations’, Governance 12 (3): 243–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeman, F. (1984), Philosophical Dimensions of Privacy: An Anthology, New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, P. and J. Reidenberg (1996), Data Privacy Law: A Study of United States Data Protection, Charlottesville, VA: Michie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, G. (2000), ‘Globalization and Social Protection: The Impact of EU and International Rules in the Ratcheting Up of US Data Privacy Standards’, Yale Journal of International Law 25: 1–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • 6, P., C. Raab, and C. Bellamy (2005), Joined-up Government and Privacy in the United Kingdom: Managing Tensions Between Data Protection and Social Policy, Part I’, Public Administration 83: 111–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Commerce (1997), National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) (ed.), Privacy and Self Regulation in the Information Age, Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, NTIA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, D. (1995), Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in Transatlantic Trade, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westin, A. (1967), Privacy and Freedom, New York: Atheneum.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2006 Charles D. Raab

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Raab, C.D. (2006). The Governance of Global Issues: Protecting Privacy in Personal Information. In: Koenig-Archibugi, M., Zürn, M. (eds) New Modes of Governance in the Global System. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372887_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics