Skip to main content

Power politics, again

  • Chapter
Explaining Euro-Paralysis

Part of the book series: St Antony’s Series ((STANTS))

  • 41 Accesses

Abstract

As Martin Wight used to say: “Power politics is a colloquial phrase for international politics.”1 And today in Europe we see power politics at their height. Released from Cold War constraints, European states have returned to a familiar pattern of struggling for power, primacy, even hegemony within the region. Everything now seems to be up for grabs in an increasingly anarchic continent where the rules of self interest have come to the fore once more. With this comes the old Hobbesian fear, as small states fear large states and large states fear each other. The search for security through a new balance of power promises only to bring about new conflicts and new alliances. In short, there is no point in hoping for a common foreign and security policy within the European Union.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Martin Wight, Power Politics (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986), second edition, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  2. For a detailed description of the traditional realist perspective see Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960), p. 630.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A modern version of realism is presented in Robert O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  4. See Adam Watson, “European International Society and Its Expansion”, in Hedley Bull and Adam Watson, eds., The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  5. John J. Mearsheimer, “Back to the Future. Instability in Europe After the Cold War”, International Security, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Summer 1990), pp. 52 and 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. See Jack Snyder, “Averting Anarchy in the New Europe”, International Security, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Spring 1990), p. 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Josef Joffe, “The New Europe: Yesterday’s Ghosts”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 1 — “America and the World” — (1993), p. 29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. See especially Martin Feldstein, “EMU and International Conflict” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 76, No. 6 (November/December 1997), pp. 60–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Timothy Garton Ash, In Europe’s Name — Germany and the Divided Continent (London: Vintage, 1994), pp. 344–57.

    Google Scholar 

  10. See also Volker Gransow and Konrad H. Jarausch, Die Deutsche Vereinigung. Dokumente zu Burgerbewegung, Annaherung und Beitritt (Cologne: Wissenschaft und Politik, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  11. See, e.g., Paul Fabra, “Mitterand-Metternich”, Le Monde, June 3, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (London: Harper Collins, 1993), p. 791.

    Google Scholar 

  13. See Marta Dassu, “The Future of Europe: The View from Rome”, International Affairs, Vol. 66, No. 2 (April 1990), p. 305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Also M.C. Brands, “Een tijd vol misvattingen: de vereniging van Duitsland”, Internationale Spectator, Vol. 44, No. 5 (May 1990), pp. 268–72.

    Google Scholar 

  15. See Ruud Lubbers’ interview with Derk Jan Eppink, in NRC Handelsblad, July 1, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. See Victor Smart and Rory Warson, “A Chorus of Disapproval”, The European, September 9–15, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Umberto Bossi quoted in Donald MacIntyre and Steve Crawshaw, “Major to Reject Franco-German Vision of Europe”, The Independent, September 6, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  18. See Jos Klassen, “NAVO bedriegt met besluit vooral zichzelf,” de Volkskrant, July 9, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  19. See Trevor C. Salmon, “Testing Times for European Political Cooperation: The Gulf and Yugoslavia, 1990–1992”, International Affairs, Vol. 68, No. 2 (April 1992), pp. 233–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. See Jean-Paul Marthoz, “A Marriage of Unequal Partners Hits the Rocks”, The European, July 15–21, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  21. See an interview with Hans-Dietrich Genscher in Der Spiegel, July 5, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  22. See Spyros Economides, “Riding the Tiger of Nationalism: The Question of Macedonia”, The Oxford International Review, Vol. IV, No. 2 (Spring 1993), pp. 27–9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. See James Pettifer, “Albania, Greece and the Vorio Epirus Question”, The World Today, Vol. 50, No. 8–9 (August–September 1994), pp. 147–9.

    Google Scholar 

  24. See Mathias Jopp, “The Strategic Implications of European Integration”, Adelphi Paper No. 290 (1994), p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  25. See John Zametica, “The Yugoslav Conflict”, Adelphi Paper No. 270 (1992), p. 48.

    Google Scholar 

  26. See Anthony Foster and William Wallace, “Common Foreign and Security Policy: A New Policy or Just a New Name?”, in Policy-Making in the European Union. Helen Wallace and William Wallace, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 434.

    Google Scholar 

  27. François Heisbourg, “The European-US Alliance: Valedictory Reflections on Continental Drift in the Post-Cold War Era”, International Affairs, Vol. 68, No. 4 (October 1992), pp. 665–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Also François Heisbourg, “Securité: l’Europe livrée à elle même” Politique Étrangère, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Spring 1994), pp. 247–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. See the results of opinion polls published in Peter R. Weilemann, Zwischen Nationalem Interesse und Europäischem Engagement — Innen-politische Akseptanz, Institutionelle Reform und die Europapolitischen Vorstellungen der Deutschen (Bonn: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, October 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Also Philip Everts, “Gaat Duitsland zijn eigen weg?”, Transaktie, Vol. 23, No. 2 (1994), pp. 172–95.

    Google Scholar 

  31. See Manfred Kuechler, “Germans and ‘Others’: Racism, Xenophobia, or ‘Legitimate Conservatism’?”, German Politics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (April 1994), pp. 47–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Timothy Garton Ash, “Germany’s Choice”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4 (July–August 1994), p. 65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hans-Peter Schwarz, “Germany’s National and European Interests”, Daedalus, Vol. 123, No. 2 (Spring 1994), p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  34. See Jürgen Nötzold and Reinhard Rummel, “Europäische Interaktionen und deutsche Interessen,” in Sicherheitspolitik Deutschlands: Neue Konstellationen, Risiken, Instrumente, (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsge-sellschaft, 1992), pp. 797–812.

    Google Scholar 

  35. See also Wolfgang F. Schlör, “German Security Policy”, Adelphi Paper No. 277 (1993), pp. 23–31.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Samuel P. Huntington, “Why International Primacy Matters”, International Security, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Spring 1993), p. 70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. See Dominique Moïsi, “Die Mark und die Bombe”, Die Zeit, December 9, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  38. See Richard K. Betts, “Wealth, Power, and Instability”, International Security, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Winter 1993/94), pp. 35–77,

    Google Scholar 

  39. and Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Emerging Structure of International Politics”, International Security, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall 1993), pp. 44–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. See M.C. Brands, “Op Zoek Naar een Nieuw Duits Buitenlands en Veiligheidsbeleid”, Internationale Spectator, Vol. 47, No. 4 (April 1994), p. 173.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Quoted in Owen Harries, “The Collapse of ‘The West’”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 4 (September–October 1993), p. 49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Michael E. Brown, “Over Where? Defining a Sustainable US Role in Europe”, paper presented at the Second Annual European Conference, “Europe and America After the Cold War”, Oxford University, September 2–3, 1994 (unpublished), p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  43. This was well argued in Alfred E. Pijpers, The Vicissitudes of European Political Cooperation (Leiden: University of Leiden, 1990), p. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  44. See Jiri Dienstbier’s speech at Harvard University, May 16, 1990 as quoted by Renata Fritsch-Bournazel, “German Unification: Views From Germany’s Neighbours”, in German Unification in European Perspective, Werner Heisenberg, ed. (London: Brassey’s Centre for European Policy Studies, 1991), p. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  45. See Michel Debré, “Quand Rapallo peut remplacer Yalta”, Le Monde, November 14, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  46. See E.H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1933), Vol. 3, pp. 375ff.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jean-Pierre Chevènement’s speech at the Institute des Hautes Etudes de Défense Nationale, May 21, 1990, quoted in Renata Fritsch-Bournazel, Europe and German Unification (New York and Oxford: Berg, 1992), p. 130.

    Google Scholar 

  48. See also Jean-Pierre Chevènement, France-Allemagne: parlons franc (Paris: Plon, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  49. William Cash and Iain Duncan-Smith, quoted in Philip Stephens, “Britain’s Bitter Blast from the Past”, Financial Times, May 25, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  50. See Richard H. Ullman, Securing Europe (London: Adamantine Press, 1991), p. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  51. See Laurence Martin, “Chatham Chouse: The Way Forward”, The World Today, Vol. 50, No. 4 (April 1994), p. 62.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Richard Rosecrance, “The Rise of the Virtual State”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 4 (July–August 1996), pp. 45–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. See also Paul Krugman, Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1995), pp. 31–65.

    Google Scholar 

  54. See John Garnett, “The Role of Military Power”, in Perspectives on World Politics, Richard Little and Michael Smith, eds. (London: Routledge, 1991), second edition, p. 70.

    Google Scholar 

  55. See Edward N. Luttwak, “Where Are the Great Powers?”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4 (July/August 1994), p. 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Here I draw especially on Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Emerging Structure of International Politics”, International Security, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall 1993), pp. 44–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. See Edward L. Morse, “The Transformation of Foreign Policies: Modernization, Interdependence and Externalization”, World Politics, Vol. XXII, No. 3 (April 1970), pp. 371–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. See Hanns W. Maull, “Europe and the Changing Global Agenda”, in The New Europe: Politics, Government and Economy since 1945, Jonathan Story, ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), p. 146.

    Google Scholar 

  59. See Philip Zelikow, “The New Concert of Europe”, Survival, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 1992), p. 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. See also Charles A. Kupchan and Clifford A. Kupchan, “Concerts, Collective Security and the Future of Europe”, International Security, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Summer 1991), pp. 114–16,

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. and Richard N. Rosecrance, “Trading States in a New Concert of Europe”, in America and Europe in an Era of Change, Helga Haftendorn, ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 127–45.

    Google Scholar 

  62. See Robert O. Keohane, “Correspondence: Back to the Future, Part II — International Theory and Post-Cold War Europe”, International Security, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Fall 1990), pp. 192–4.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Mearsheimer’s views on the issue are further elaborated in John J. Mearsheimer, “The False Promise of International Institutions”, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Winter 1994/95), pp. 5–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. For a powerful illustration of how increased economic interdependence shapes the security dilemma see Beverly Crawford, “The New Security Dilemma Under International Economic Interdependence”, Millennium, Vol. 23, No. 1 (1994), pp. 25–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Pierre Hassner, “An Overview of the Problem”, in “War and Peace: European Conflict Prevention”, Chaillot Paper No. 11, Nicole Gnesotto, ed., (Paris: Institute for Security Studies, Western European Union, 1993), p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  66. I paraphrase Michael Howard’s question in his review of Henry Kissinger’s book, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  67. See Michael Howard, “The World According to Henry”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 3 (May/June 1994), p. 140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. See, e.g., Diego A. Ruiz Palmer, “French Strategic Options in the 1990s”, Adelphi Paper No. 260 (1991), pp. 25–7.

    Google Scholar 

  69. François Léotard, “Preface”, in Livre blanc sur la defense (Paris: La Documentation Française, 1994), p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  70. See especially Wolfram F. Hanriender, “Dissolving International Politics: Reflections on the Nation-State”, American Political Science Review, Vol. 72, No. 4 (December 1978), pp. 1276–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Giovanni Jannuzzi, “Scope and Structure of the Community’s Future Foreign Policy” in Toward Political Union. Planning a Common Foreign and Security Policy in the European Community Reinhardt Rummel, ed., (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1992), p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  72. The emergence of a European superpower was projected most forcefully by Johan Galtung, Europe in the Making (New York: Crane Russak, 1989), pp. 22–36.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1998 Jan Zielonka

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zielonka, J. (1998). Power politics, again. In: Explaining Euro-Paralysis. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372849_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics