Abstract
Up to now, I have argued that boys are impelled towards some kind of masculine identity by great social and psychological forces. Many cultures demand it as an economic necessity: males are needed for hunting, war, the propagation of children, the protection of the tribe and the family. Thus there is a strong pressure on boys to separate from their mother, to break the ‘proto-feminine’ identity they have initially formed. Patriarchal society requires its infantry and its officers, who will regulate the exploitations essential to its survival, and in particular will keep women oppressed.
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Notes
Ernest Hemingway, Death in the Afternoon (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966) p. 23.
Ernest Hemingway, The Garden of Eden (London: Grafton, 1988) p. 25.
Kenneth S. Lynn, Hemingway (London: Sphere, 1989) p. 110.
Bernice Kert, The Hemingway Women (London: W. W. Norton, 1986) p. 231.
Letter to Maxwell Perkins, 26 July 1933, in Carlos Baker (ed.), Ernest Hemingway: Selected Letters 1917–1961 (London: Panther, 1985) pp. 395–6.
M. Pickering and K. Robins, ‘The Making of a Working Class Writer: An Interview with Sid Chaplin’, in J. Hawthorn (ed.), The British Working Class Novel in the Twentieth Century (London: Edward Arnold, 1984) p. 143.
Jane Austen, Emma (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984) p. 232.
See Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991) Chapter. 17: ‘Romantic Shadows: Emily Brontë’.
Rob Weatherill, ‘The Psychical Realities of Modern Culture’, British Journal of Psychotherapy, 7:3 (1991) p. 273.
Juliet Mitchell, ‘The Question of Femininity and the Theory of Psychoanalysis’, in G. Kohon (ed.), The British School of Psychoanalysis: The Independent Tradition (London: Free Association Books, 1986) p. 394.
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© 1994 Roger Horrocks
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Horrocks, R. (1994). The Fragile Male. In: Campling, J. (eds) Masculinity in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372801_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372801_6
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