Abstract
If psychotherapy can make a critique of sociology, then sociology can return the compliment: a purely psychological approach to gender in isolation is inadequate. So long as we see the separation of boys and girls as a family drama — admittedly one of great intensity and importance for the individual’s identity — it remains a mystery. Why should so much importance be placed in our infancy on the acquisition of the masculine and feminine traits? Why should there be such fierce taboos on transgressions of gender rules? Why have recent years seen an increasing desire to deconstruct gender and play around with its categories and boundaries?
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Notes
Margot Waddell, ‘Gender Identity — 50 Years on from Freud’, British Journal of Psychotherapy, 5: 3 (1989) p. 383.
Michèle Barrett, Women’s Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist Feminist Analysis (London: Verso, 1980) pp. 12–13; Caroline Ramazanoglu, Feminism and the Contradictions of Oppression, p. 35.
F. Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State [1884] (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986) p. 217.
See, for example, M. Esther Harding, Women’s Mysteries Ancient and Modern (London: Rider, 1982);
E. C. Whitmont, Return of the Goddess (London: Penguin Arkana, 1987);
Alix Pirani (ed.), The Absent Mother (London: Mandala, 1991);
Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness (New York: Harper & Row, 1962).
Ibid., pp. 428–35; also Ian Hogbin, The Island of Menstruating Men: Religion in Wogeo, New Guinea (Scranton: Chandler, 1970).
Alexandra Kollontai, ‘Theses on Communist Morality in the Sphere of Marital Relations’, Selected Writings, ed. Alix Holt (London: Allison & Busby, 1977) p. 225.
Michèle Barrett, ‘Introduction’, p. 14; V. Mazumdar and K. Sharma, ‘Sexual Division of Labour and the Subordination of Women: A Reappraisal from India’, in Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development, ed. I. Tinker (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990); D. Haraway, Primate Visions, pp. 331–48;
Amaury de Riencourt, Woman and Power in History (Bath: Honeyglen, 1983) p. 22.
Thomas Gregor, ‘Uneasy Peace: Intertribal Relations in Brazil’s Upper Xingu’, in J. Haas (ed.), The Anthropology of War (Cambridge University Press, 1990); see also Clayton Robarchek, ‘Motivation and Material Causes: On the Explanation of Conflict and War’ in the same text.
See the essays in Erich Fromm, The Crisis of Psychoanalysis (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973).
Karl Marx, ‘Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy,’ in Karl Marx: Early Writings (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975) p. 425.
S. Freud, An Outline of Psycho-analysis, ed. J. Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1973) p. 37.
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© 1994 Roger Horrocks
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Horrocks, R. (1994). Gender and Patriarchy. In: Campling, J. (eds) Masculinity in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372801_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230372801_4
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