Abstract
It is unlikely that South Asia will emerge as a significantly more stable region for some years to come. The fractured and highly complex entities that comprise the region are required to undergo substantial political, economic and social change at a time of considerable global flux. Patterns of instability evident at the local level reverberate throughout national and reuional svstems and are in turn affected bv chan¢e imnosed from outside.
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Endnotes
Sridhar Krishmnaswami, ‘Getting closer to ASEAN’, The Hindu, 18 April 1993.
Bharatiya Janata Party, Towards Rain Rajya, Friends Publishers, New Delhi, 1991, pp. 36–37.
Atul Kohli, Democracy and Discontent, p. 383.
As democracies, both Italy and Japan have had the means to address entrenched political corruption within the existing political framework. A nation like Iran under the Shah was unable to achieve peaceful reform.
Kohli, Democracy and Discontent, pp. 305–38.
Staff reporter, `BJP makes inroads into Jat heartland’, The Hindu, 20 April 1993.
A good account of the economic policies of the BJP is contained in a paper by Salim Lakha. See ‘The BJP and the Globalisation of the Indian Economy’, paper delivered at the After Ayodhya: The BJP and the Indian Political System conference, Curtin University, Perth, July 1993.
Swapan Dasgupta, `BJP redefming “parivar” ideology’, The Times of India, 19 May 1993.
Anon, ‘Industry turns out BJP’s surprise ally’, Indian Express, 28 April, 1993. See also an interview with Advani, ‘I am all for liberalisation’, Economic Times, 10 August 1993.
IU ‘Manmohan must stay: industrialists’, The Hindu (International Edition), 1 January 1994.
See for example Rajni Kothari, ‘Beyond Congress and the BJP’, Times of India, 13 August 1993. These trends were evidently reinforced by the outcomes of the 1993 state elections, and particularly by the emergence of the Harijan-Sudra alliance in Uttar Pradesh.
‘Pakistan yielded to U.S. pressure’, The Washington Times, 26 August 1993.
Government of Pakistan, Finance Division, Economic Survey 1991–92 (Statistical Supplement), Islamabad, 1992, Table 8.4 p. 164. I am indebted to Muhammad Khan of the National Centre for Development Studies, ANU, for drawing this situation to my attention.
In December 1992 the NBC network, in a highly credible report apparently based on intelligence sources, said that Pakistan had seven nuclear weapons in could assemble in a matter of hours. See ‘Pakistan said to have seven nuclear bombs’, Washington Times, 2 December 1992. The CIA is reported to have believed in 1992 that Pakistan could assemble about 15 weapons. Interview with Oehler by Bill Gertz, ‘India, Pakistan cited in spread of nuclear arms’, Washington Times, 31 October 1992.
Quoted in E dward D esmond, ‘ S outh A sia: T he N uclear Shadow’, Time, 27 January 1992, p. 19.
Reuters News Service, 14 January 1994, (ref: 000391639547).
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© 1995 Sandy Gordon
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Gordon, S. (1995). Conclusion. In: India’s Rise to Power. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371804_16
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371804_16
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