Abstract
J.H. Dowd’s 1917 cartoon for Punch predicts that after the war, men will have been changed by their experience of the trenches.1 The change depicted is both physical and psychological. It is not as visible as a lost limb or as dramatic as ‘shellshock’, nevertheless it has the potential to threaten the social status quo, putting a particular strain on categories of class and of gender. These men are impeccably attired in the uniforms of their class (Figure 4.1). However, following the entrenched habit of the Western Front, they do not stand upright, but instead lounge on the pavement in an uneasy visual echo of the unemployed and disabled ex-servicemen observed by Beverley Nichols begging in the Strand.2 Laura Doan offers a detailed discussion of a similar set of images of martial women who had acquired the ‘war work habit’ in the same issue of Punch. Upper-class ex-ambulance drivers and ex-munitionettes set about domestic tasks with military precision and a mechanical know-how acquired during wartime service, while their chauffeurs and butlers look on in confusion. Doan warns against over-emphasizing the gender connotations of those images, suggesting that for the cartoonist, ‘gender is more the veneer and class is the substance’.3 The Piccadilly setting of Dowd’s cartoon does nevertheless suggest a space fraught with questions about the boundaries of masculine behaviour.
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Notes
And, apparently, on Piccadilly itself, see Frederick Stewart Isham, Three Live Ghosts (Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1918), p. 51.
Laura Doan, Disturbing Practices: History, Sexuality and Women’s Experience in Modem War (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2013), p. 177.
Michael Williams, Ivor Novello: Screen Idol (London: BFI Publishing, 2003);
Michael Williams, ‘War-Torn Dionysus: The Silent Passion of Ivor Novello’, in Andrew Higson (ed.) Young and Innocent? The Cinema in Britain 1896–1930 (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2002), p. 263. The phrase is taken from a 1924 article in Picture Show by Edith Nepean.
Christine Gledhill, ‘Remembering the war in 1920s British Cinema’, in Hammond and Williams (eds.) British Silent Cinema and the Great War (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 95–96.
Nicoletta F. Gullace, ‘The Blood of Our Sons’: Men, Women, and the Renegotiation of British Citizenship during the Great War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), p. 22.
Susan Pederson, ‘Gender, Welfare, and Citizenship in Britain during the Great War’, The American Historical Review, Vol. 95, No. 4 (October, 1990).
Janice Lomas, ‘Delicate Duties: Issues of Class and Respectability in Government Policy towards the Wives and Widows of British Soldiers in the Era of the Great War’, in Women’s History Review, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2000), p. 131.
See Annette Kuhn, ‘The Married Love Affair’, in Screen, Vol. 27, No. 2 (1986), pp. 5–21.
E. Temple Thurston, The Garden of Resurrection: Being the Love Story of an Ugly Man (London: Chapman and Hall, 1913), p. 3.
See for instance, Joanna Bourke, Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain and the Great War (London: Reaktion Books, 1996), pp. 171–209.
Florence Ethel Mills Young, The Bigamist (London: The Bodley Head, 1916), p. 40.
For an extended analysis of this scene, see Christine Gledhill, Reframing British Cinema 1918–1929: Between Restraint and Passion (London: BFI Publishing, 2003), pp. 114–115.
Seth Koven, ‘Remembering and Dismemberment: Crippled Children, Wounded Soldiers, and the Great War in Great Britain’, in The American Historical Review, Vol. 99, No. 4 (October 1994), p. 1179. Also Bourke, p. 50.
Angus McLaren, Impotence: A Cultural History (London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), p. 150.
Marek Kohn, Dope Girls: The Birth of the British Drug Underground (London: Granta, 1992), pp. 67–84.
Adrian Gregory, The Silence of Memory: Armistice Day1919–1946 (Oxford: Berg, 1994), pp. 66–77.
Joanna Bourke, Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain and the Great War (London: Reaktion Books, 1996), p. 112.
For this sort of propaganda argument, see Boyd Cable, ‘A Convert to Conscription’, in Between the Lines (London: Smith, Elder & Co, 1915), pp. 148–170; For an excellent and detailed analysis of Guns of Loos,
see Michael Williams, ‘“Fire, Blood and Steel”: Memory and Spectacle in The Guns of Loos (Sinclair Hill, 1928)’, in Hammond and Williams (eds.) British Silent Cinema and the Great War (London: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 118–133.
Jay Winter, The Great War and the British People (London: Palgrave, 1985 [rp 2003]), p. 21.
Warwick Deeping, Kitty (London: Cassell & Co, 1927), 392.
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© 2015 Lawrence Napper
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Napper, L. (2015). ‘When the Boys Come Home’. In: The Great War in Popular British Cinema of the 1920s. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371712_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371712_5
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