Abstract
In the early 1950s, scholars and observers believed that the Philippines and India, among the newly independent countries of Asia, would have the fastest all round development. Since then both these countries, with a different set of problems, have undoubtedly stayed the democratic course, they, nevertheless, have so far failed to quicken the pace of their economic growth and bring about an increasing measure of social equality. Such shortcomings continue to create additional problems for their deeply cherished liberal political institutions.
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Notes and References
Ledivina V. Carino, ‘The Land and the People’, in Raul P. De Guzman and Mila A. Reforma (eds), Government and Politics of the Philippines (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 6.
See in this connection one of the most moving accounts by O. D. Corpus, The Roots of the Philippino Nation, vol. I (Quezon City, Philippines: Akhlahi Foundation, 1989), p. xi.
Ibid., p. xiii.
Ledivina V. Carino, ‘The Land and the People’, in Raul P. De Guzman and Mila A. Reforma (eds), Government and Politics of the Philippines, p. 9.
Dennis Morrow Roth, The Friar Estates of the Philippines (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1977).
Jose V. Abueva, ‘Philippine Ideologies and National Development’, in Raul P. De Guzman and Mila A. Reforma (eds), Government and Politics of the Philippines, p. 39.
See also David Wurfel, Filipino Politics: Development and Decay (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988).
Yasushi Kikuchi, Uncrystallized Philippine Society (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1991), p. iii.
See in this connection, Fred Eggan, ‘Philippine Social Structure’, George M. Gutherie (ed.), Six Perspectives on the Philippines (Manila: Bookmark, 1968), p. 44.
See also, Virgilio G. Enriquez, From Colonial to Liberation Psychology (Diliman, Quezon City: University of Philippines Press, 1992), p. 4.
Ibid., p. 46.
See also for an intensive case-study of interaction of religion and social structure in the Philippines, Raul Pertierra, Religion, Politics and Rationality in a Philippine Community (Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1988).
Ibid., p. 14.
George M. Gutherie, ‘Philippine Temperament’, in George M. Gutherie (ed.). Six Perspectives on the Philippines, pp. 55–67.
Also see in this connection, The Filipino Family, Community, and Nation: The Same Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow? Final Report by Emma Porio, Frank Lynch, and Mary Hollsteiner (Quezon City: Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo de Manila University, 1975), p. 1.
George M. Gutherie, ‘Philippine Temperament’, in George M. Gutherie (ed.), Six Perspectives on the Philippines, p. 77.
Mark Turner and Lulu Respall Turner, ‘Introduction’, in Mark Turner, R. J. May, Lulu Respall Turner (eds), Mindanao: Land of Unequal Promise (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1992), p. 1.
Ibid., p. 160.
See also W. K. Che Man, Muslim Separatism (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1990);
Cesar Adib Mujul, Muslims in the Philippines (Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1973);
Samuel K. Tan, The Filipino Muslim Armed Struggle: 1900–1972 (Quezon City: Filipinas Foundation, 1977).
Esther C. Viloria, ‘Agrarian Reforms in the Philippines’, in Sandra Sewell and Anthony Kelly (eds), Social Problems in Asia Pacific Region (Brisbane: Qld. Boolarong Publications,. 1992), p. 305.
Ibid., p. 307.
See for a critique of economic policies of various colonial regimes and the Japanese occupation, Ranalto Constantino and Letizia R. Constantino, The Philippines: The Continuing Past (Quezon City: Foundation for Nationlist Studies, 1982).
Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet, Every Day Politics in the Philippines: Class and Status in a Central Luzon village (Quezon City: New Day Publishes, 1991), p. 6. Also published by California University Press, 1989).
Richard J. Kessler, Rebellion and Repression in the Philippines (New York: Yale University Press, 1989), p. 7.
Corinne Canlas, Edsell Sajor and Catherine Venzuela, ‘Dynamics of the Philippine Rural Economy’ (Quezon City: Philippine Peasant Institute for Philippine Working Group, unpublished paper), p. 2.
See in this connection Jacques Amyot, Monograph Series No. 2 (Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University, Institute of Asian Studies, 1972), p. 25.
Ibid., p. 43.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 May 1993, p. 45.
Ruby R. Parades, ‘The Paradox of Philippine Colonial Democracy’, in Ruby R. Parades (ed.), Philippine Colonial Democracy (Metro Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1989), p. 1.
Ibid., p. 9.
Charles C. McDougald, The Marcos File: Was He Philippine Hero or Corrupt Tyrant? (San Francisco, San Francisco Publishers, 1987), p. 89.
Ibid., p. 240.
William H. Oversholt, ‘The Rise and Fall of Ferdinand Marcos’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXVI, November 1986, p. 1138.
Ibid., p. 1143.
Ibid., p. 1153.
See in this connection, Robert L. Youngblood, ‘The Corazon Aquino “Miracle” and the Philippine Churches’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXVII, no. 12, December 1987.
Sandra Burton, ‘Aquino’s Philippines: The Center Holds’, in Foreign Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1987, p. 524.
Robert L. Youngblood, ‘The Corazon Aquino “Miracle” and the Philippine Churches’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXVII, no. 12, December 1987, p. 1243.
See in this connection, Carolina G. Hernandez, ‘The Philippines in 1987: Challenges of Redemocratization’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, February 1988.
See in this connection, Carolina G. Hernandez, ‘Philippines in 1988: Reaching Out to Peace and Economic Recovery’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXIX, no. 2, February 1989.
Alex B. Brilliantes, ‘Philippines in 1991: Disasters and Decisions’, in Asian Survey, vol. XXXII, no. 2, February 1992, p. 142.
Ibid., p. 142.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 16 April 1992, p. 28.
Far Eastern Economic Review, 2 July 1992, p. 11.
Virgilio G. Enriquez, From Colonial to Liberation Psychology (Diliman, Quezon City: University of Philippine Press, 1992).
Patricia Licuana, ‘Social Psychological Factors in Philippine National Development’, in Social Science Information, vol. 12, no. 5, April–June, 1985.
A. Timothy Church, Filipino Personality: A Review of Reseach and Writing (Manila: De La Salle University Press, Monorgarph Series No. 6, 1988).
Manuel F. Bonifacio, Images of Agriculture: Issues, Problems and Trends in Technology Transfer (Manila: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, 1992).
Michael R. Walrod, Normative Discourse and Persuasion: An Analysis of Ga’dang Informal Litigation (Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 1988).
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© 1995 A. H. Somjee and Geeta Somjee
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Somjee, A.H., Somjee, G. (1995). The Philippines: Uncrystallised Normative Base; Unhinged Political Cynicism. In: Development Success in Asia Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230371675_6
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