Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Legal Approximation in Energy: A New Approach for the European Union and Russia

  • Chapter
Dynamics of Energy Governance in Europe and Russia

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

Legal approximation, harmonization and unification became central for international cooperation in the twentieth century. According to some estimates, the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a 70 per cent increase in multilateral treaties setting common trade, investment and arbitration conditions, compared to what was the case in between 1850 and 1950 (Ku 2001: 4). It also gave boost to the development of model legislation in the framework of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and other bodies; those model acts served examples in the process of legislative alignment. This phenomenon resulted from intensified transnational relations, from ever-increasing contacts among companies, civil societies and individuals, which led to the widening and deepening of the dialogue among various public bodies. In other words, private activities started to undermine the centrality of the state and the power of national boundaries. State authorities, therefore, increased their cooperation to provide a new set of regulations for both business and the non-profit sectors, and thus preserved their status in the regulation of various activities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Anufrieva, L.P. (2002) Sootnoshenie mezhdunarodnogo publichnogo i mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava: pravovye kategorii (Moscow: Spark).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhin, S. (2002) ‘Pravovye problemy dogovornoi unifikatsii’, Moskovskio zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava, 1 (45), pp. 12–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakhin, S. (2003) ‘Modelnoe pravo’, Pravovedenie, 1, pp. 170–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basedow, J. and T. Kono (2000) Legal Aspects of Globalisation, Conflicts of Laws, Internet, Capital Markets and Insolvency in a Global Economy (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordachev, T. and T. Romanova (2003) ‘Model na vyrost: Vybor Rossii nadolgo opredelit ee otnosheniya c EC’, Rossiya v globalnoi politike, 2, pp. 49–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bressand, A. (2010) European Integration and the Development of a European External Energy Policy in Eurasia, Policy Paper Series, 7 (Berlin: Global Public Policy Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bretherton, C. and J. Vogler (2006) The European Union as a Global Actor (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brütsch, C. and D. Lehmkuhl (2007) Law and Legalization in Transnational Relations (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxbaum, R.M., G. Hertig, A. Hirsch, and K.J. Hopt (eds.) (1991) European Business Law: Legal and Economic Analyses on Integration and Harmonization (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buxbaum, R.M. and K.J. Hopt (1988) Legal Harmonization and the Business Enterprise (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter) (Integration through Law Series, European University Institute, Vol. 4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbonara, E. and F. Parisi (2005) The Economics of Legal Harmonization (Washington: George Mason University School of Law).

    Google Scholar 

  • Backer, L.C. (ed.) (2007) Harmonizing Law in an Era of Globalization: Convergence, Divergence, and Resistance (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernichenko, S.V. (1999) Teoriya mezhdunarodnogo prava, Vol. 1 (Moscow: NIMP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of Ministers (1992) Directive on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by household appliances. 92/75/EEC, 22 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, K.R. (1997) Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local (New York: Guilford).

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtin, D.M., J.M. Smits, A. Klip, and J.A. McCahery (2006) European Integration and Law (Oxford: Intersentia).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A.C. (2003) Private Power and Global Authority (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Fouloy, C. (1992) Glossary of EC Terms (London: Butterworths).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyer, I. (2009) ‘Comment: EU Should Use International Law to Tackle Russian Energy Relations’, Business New Europe, 9 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egan, M. (2006) ‘The Single Market’ in M. Cini (ed.) European Union Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Energy Charter Treaty (1994) http://www.encharter.org/fileadmin/user_upload/document/EN.pdf, date accessed 15 May 2011.

  • Entin, M. (2006) V poiskah partnerskih otnoshenii: Rossiya I Evropeiskii Souz v 2004– 2005 godah (St. Petersburg: Rossiya-Neva).

    Google Scholar 

  • Erixon, F. (2008) Europe’s Energy Dependency and Russia’s Commercial Assertiveness, ECIPE Policy Brief No. 07.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2005) Green Paper ‘Energy Efficiency–or Doing More With Less’, COM (2005) 265 final, 22 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2006a) Action Plan: ‘Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential’, COM(2006) 0545 final, 19 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2006b) Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy, COM(2006) 105 final, 8 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2008a) Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions‘20 20 by 2020–Europe’s climate change opportunity’, COM(2008) 30 final, 23 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2008b) Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions ‘Energy Efficiency: Delivering the 20% Target’, COM(2008) 772 final, 13 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2010a) Europe 2020: A European Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, COM(2010) 2020, 3 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2010b) EU Energy in Figures 2010, Brussels, 26 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2010c) EU-Russian Common Spaces Progress Report 2009, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Council (2007) Presidency Conclusions, 8–9 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and the Council (2000) Directive on Energy Efficiency Requirements for Ballasts for Fluorescent Lighting, 2000/55/EC, 18 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and the Council (2009) Directive, Establishing a Framework for the Setting of Ecodesign Requirements for Energy-using Products, 2009/125/EC, 21 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (EU) (1999) Common Strategy of the European Union on Russia, Cologne, 4 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (EU) (2006) An External Policy to Serve Europe’s Energy Interests, Paper from Commission/SG/HR for the European Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (EU) (2007) Treaty of Lisbon Amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community, Lisbon, 13 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat (2010) EU–Russia Summit. EU27 Trade in Goods with Russia up by a Third in the First Nine Months of 2010.184/2010, 6 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, S. (2007) The Harmonization of International Commercial Law (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finnemore, M. and S.J. Toope (2001) ‘Alternatives to “Legalization”: Richer Views of Law and Politics’, International Organization, 55 (3), pp. 743–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaverdovsky, A.S. (1980) Implementatsiya norm mezhdunarodnogo prava (Kiev: Vischa shkola).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavrilov, V.V. (2005) Ponyatie i vzaimodeistvie mezhdunarodnoi i natsionalnoi pravovyh system (Vladivostok: Izdatelstvo Dalnevostochnogo Universiteta).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, S. and D. Law (1998) The Global Political Economy–Perspectives, Problems and Policies (Wheatsheaf: Harvester).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilpin, R. (2001) Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J., M. Kahler, R.O. Keohane, and A.M. Slaughter (2000) ‘Special Issue: Legalization and World Politics’, International Organization, 54 (3), pp. 385–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, A. (2008) ‘Under the Kremlin’s Thumb: Does Increased State Control in the Russian Gas Sector Endanger European Energy Security?’, Europe-Asia Studies, 60 (9), pp. 1539–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isaev, D. (2005) Osnovnye teorii garmonizatsii zakonodatelstva v protsesse formirovaniya obschih prostranst Rossiya-ES (Moscow: RECEP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D. and P. Robinson (2005) ‘Introduction’ in D. Johnson and P. Robinson (eds.) Perspectives on EU-Russian Relations (London and New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashkin, S. (2005) Strategiya i mechanizmy garmonizatsii zakonodatelstva Rossii i Evropeiskogo Souza, kak kluchevye komponenty ih effektivhogo vzaimodeistviya v XXI veke (Moscow: RECEP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keohane, R.O. and J. Nye (1977) Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ku, C. (2001) Global Governance and the Changing Face of International Law (New Haven: ACUNS Report and Papers No. 2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leebron, D.W. (1996) ‘Lying Down with Procrustes: An Analysis of Harmonization Claims’ in J. Bhagwati and R.E. Hudec (eds.) Fair Trade and Harmonization: Prerequisites for Free Trade?, Volume I: Economic Analysis (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, K. (2003) The Forces of Economic Globalization–Challanges to the Regime of International Commercial Arbitration (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamutov, V.K. (1999) ‘Sblizhenie sovremennyh system pravovogo regulirovaniya hozyastvennoy deyatelnosti’, Gosudarstvo i pravo, 1, pp. 41–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGowan, F. (2008) ‘Can the European Union’s Market Liberalism Ensure Energy Security in a Time of “Economic Nationalism”?’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 4 (2), pp. 90–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meessen, K.M. (2004) Economic Law in Globalizing Markets (The Hague: Kluwer Law International).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mingazov, L.S. (1990) Effektivnost normy mezhdunarodnogo prava (Kazan: Izdatelstvo Kazanskogo universiteta).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mironov, N.V. (1968) Sovetskoe zakonodatelstvo i mezhdunarodnoe pravo (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistelis, L. (2001a) ‘Is Harmonisation a Necessary Evil?–The Future of Harmonisation and New Sources of International Trade Law’ in I. Fletcher, L. Mistelis, and M. Cremona (eds.) Foundations and Perspectives of International Trade Law (London: Sweet and Maxwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistelis, L. (2001b) ‘Regulatory Aspects: Globalization, Harmonization, Legal Transplants and Law Reform. Some Fundamental Observations’ in R.M. Lastra (ed.). The Reform of the International Financial Architecture (London: Kluwer Law International).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullerson, R.A. (1982) Sootnoshenie mezhdunarodnogo i natsionalnogo prava (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya).

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, R. (2008) ‘Exporting the Acquis Communautaire into the Legal Systems of Third Countries’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 13 (1), pp. 33–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrov, R. and C. Hillion (2006) ‘Sblizhenie zakonodatelstva v kontexte partnerstva mezhdu Evropeiskim Souzom i stranami Sodruzhestva Nezavisimyh Gosudarstv’ in O. Potemkina (ed.) Rasshirenie Evropeiskogo Souza i Rossiya (Moscow: Delovaya Literatura).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prange-Gstohl, H. (2009) ‘Enlarging the EU’s Internal Energy Market: Why would Third Countries Accept EU Rule Export?’, Energy Policy, 37, pp. 5296–5303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance Reflexivity and Accountability (Buckingham: Open University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanova, T. (2003) Stanovlenie Evropeiskogo Souza kak Mezhdunarodnogo Actora: Na Primere Investitsionnoi Deyatelnosti v Energeticheskom Sotrudnichestve s Rossiei v 1994–2001 godah (St. Petersburg: State University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanova, T. (2005) ‘European Union-Russian Legal Approximation as the Basis for the Common European Economic Space: Opportunities and Barriers’ in K. Khudoley (ed.) European Union and Russia: 10 Years after Signing of Partnership and Co-operation Agreement (St. Petersburg: State University, European Studies Library No. 19).

    Google Scholar 

  • Romanova, T. (2008) ‘The Russian Perspective on the Energy Dialogue’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 16 (2), pp. 209–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romanova, T. (2009) ‘The Political Economy of EU-Russian Energy-relations’ in G. Fermann (ed.) Political Economy of Energy in Europe: Forces of Fragmentation and Integration (Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag).

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (1999) Mid-term Strategy for Developing Relations with the EU for 2000–2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2003) Energeticheskaya strategiya Rossii do 2020 goda, Government Decree No. 1234-r, 28 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2004) Federal Law on the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. Federalnyi zakon ‘O ratifikatsii Kiotskogo Protokola k ramochnoi konventsii Organizatsii ob’edinennyh natsii ob izmenenii klimata’, No. 128-FZ, 4 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2009a) Energy Strategy 2030, Government Decree No. 1715-r, 13 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2009b) Federal Law on Energy Conservation and Improvement of Energy Efficiency. No. 261-FZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2009b) Federalnyi zakon ‘Ob energosberezhenii i povshenii energeticheskoi effektivnosti i o vnesenii izmenenii v otdelnye zakonodatelnye akty Rossiiskoi Federatsii’, No. 261-FZ, 27 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2009c) Government Enactment on Measures to Stimulate Reduction of Gas Flaring Emissions and Pollution.

    Google Scholar 

  • NoRussian Federation (2009c) Postanovlenie Pravitelstva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ‘O merah po stimulirovaniu sokrascheniya zagryazneniya atmosphernogo vozduha produktami szhiganiya poputnogo neftyanogo gaza na fakelnyh ustanovkah’, No. 7, 8 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation (2009d) Presidential Decree on the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation Climaticheskaya doctrina Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Presidentskii ukaz, No. 861-rp, 17 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation and the European Union (1994) Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation and the European Union (2000) EU-Russian Energy Dialogue, Synthesis Report. Presented by Russian Vice-Prime Minister Victor Khristenko and European Commission Director-General François Lamoureux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation and the European Union (2005) Roadmap for the Common Economic Space, 8 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian Federation and the European Union (2010) Joint Report EU-Russian Energy Dialogue 2000–2010: Opportunities for Our Future Energy Partnership, November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholte, J.A. (2005) Globalization: A Critical Introduction (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, A.-M. (2004) A New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, D. (2004) ‘Transfer gents and Global Networs in the “Transnationalisation” of Policy’, Journal of European Public Policy, 11 (3), pp. 545–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strange, S. (1994) States and Markets (London: Pinter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strange, S. (1996) The Retreat of the State: The Difusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J.M. and J. Pelkmans (1995) ‘Regulatory Competition in the Internal Market’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 33 (1), pp. 67–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Usenko, E.T. (1995) ‘Sootnoshenie i vzaimodeistvie mezhdunarodnogo i natsionalnogo prava i rossiiskaya konstitutsiya’, Moskovskii zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava, 2, pp. 13–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Meulen, E.F. (2009) ‘Gas Supply and EU-Russia Relations’, Europe-Asia Studies, 61 (5), pp. 833–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Gerven, W. (2004) ‘Harmonization of Private Law: Do We Need It’, Common Market Law Review, 41, pp. 505–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilkova, N.G. (1998) ‘Metody unifikatsii prava mezhdunarodnyh kommercheskih kontraktov’, Gosudarstvo i pravo, 7, pp. 73–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, J. (1999) Globalization and Harmonization of Law (London: Pinter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilets, J.D. (2009) A Unified Theory of International Law, the State, and the Individual: Transnational Legal Harmonization in the Context of Economic and Legal Globalization, http://works.bepress.com/james_wilets/1, date accessed 15 May 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaremenko, V. (2007) ‘Aspekty soglasovaniya norm mezhdunarodnogo i natsionalnogo prava, a takzhe pravovyh system Rossiiskoi Federatsii I Evropeiskogo Souza’, Journal nauchnyh publikatsii aspirantov i doktorantov No. 3, http://www.jurnal.org/articles/2007/uri3.html, date accessed 15 May 2011.

  • Zimnenko, B.L. (2005) ‘Kompleksnaya norma kak element pravovoi systemy Rossii’, Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo, 6, pp. 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimnenko, B.L. (2006) ‘Kompleksnaya norma kak element pravovoi systemy Rossii’, Mezhdunarodnoe publichnoe i chastnoe pravo, 1, pp. 34–38.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Tatiana Romanova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation (CSGR), University of Warwick, UK

    Caroline Kuzemko (Post-doctoral Researcher) (Post-doctoral Researcher)

  2. Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Russia

    Andrei V. Belyi (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  3. Central European University, Hungary

    Andreas Goldthau (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

  4. American International University, London, UK

    Michael F. Keating (Associate Professor of International Political Economy) (Associate Professor of International Political Economy)

Copyright information

© 2012 Tatiana Romanova

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Romanova, T. (2012). Legal Approximation in Energy: A New Approach for the European Union and Russia. In: Kuzemko, C., Belyi, A.V., Goldthau, A., Keating, M.F. (eds) Dynamics of Energy Governance in Europe and Russia. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230370944_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation