Abstract
The national ministries’ Independent Administrative Institutions (IAIs) were known until 2003 as Special Corporations (tokushuhoujin). The corporations were established after the Second World War to aid in the reconstruction of infrastructure destroyed during the war to resuscitate Japan’s industry. The ministries began to establish public corporations in 1947 during the Occupation at the encouragement of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP). Four of the corporations were designated for foreign trade, eight supported domestic distribution, one served to control price adjustment and two were for economic rehabilitation.1
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
C. Johnson, Japan: Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), p. 129.
K. Ishii, Bureaucrat Heaven: The Bankrupting of Japan [Kanryo Tenkoku Nihon Hassan] (Tokyo: Michi Shuppansha, 1999).
K. Ishii, The Parasites Gobbling Up Japan: Dismantle All Special Corporations and Public Corporations! [Nihon wo Kuitsuku Kiseichu: Tokushuhoujin Koeki Houjin wo Zenhai Seiyo!] (Tokyo: Michi Shuppansha, 2001).
K. Tsutsumi, The Monster Ministries and Amakudari: White Paper on Corruption [Kyodai Shocho Amakudari Fuhai Hakusho] (Tokyo: Kodansha, 2000), p. 190.
R. Yoshida, ‘Robbing of Pork Barrel had LDP Squealing’, The Japan Times (16 June 2001).
E. Lincoln, Troubled Times: US-Japan Trade Relations in the 1990s (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999), p. 102.
W. J. Holstein, ‘With Friends Like These’, U.S. News and World Report (16 June 1997), p. 48.
S. Carpenter, Special Corporations and the Bureaucracy: Why Japan Can’t Reform (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p. 123.
Copyright information
© 2012 Susan Carpenter
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carpenter, S. (2012). Independent Administrative Institutions: In Name Only. In: Japan’s Nuclear Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230363717_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230363717_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-34673-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-36371-7
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)