Skip to main content

Factor-Based Hedge Fund Replication with Risk Constraints

  • Chapter
  • 305 Accesses

Abstract

The hedge fund industry has witnessed rapid growth over the last two decades, from as few as 300 funds in 1990 to about 9,000 funds today. Although there was a reduction both in the number of hedge funds and in their average level of leverage during the credit crisis of 2007–8, today total hedge fund investment amounts to $2.4 trillion (Stowell, 2010). In parallel with this rapid growth in the hedge fund industry, there has been increased demand from investors for products that deliver the returns of hedge funds at lower cost, and without the risks that are typically associated with hedge fund investment, such as illiquidity, lack of transparency, and management-specific risks. To meet this demand, investment banks and asset management firms have developed investment products, commonly known as “clones,” that seek to replicate hedge fund returns by employing statistical models or algorithmic trading strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Amenc, N., Géhin, W., Martellini, L., and Meyfredi, J.-C. (2008). “Passive Hedge Fund Replication: A Critical Assessment of Existing Techniques.” Journal of Alternative Investments, 11(2): 69–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amenc, N., Géhin, W., Martellini, L., and Meyfredi, J.-C. (2010). “Passive Hedge Fund Replication: Beyond Linear Case.” European Financial Management, 16(2): 191–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. and Kat, H.M. (2002). “The Statistical Properties of Hedge Fund Index Returns and Their Implications for Investors.” Journal of Alternative Investments, 5(3): 26–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S., and Zabarankin, M. (2000). “Portfolio Optimization with Drawdown Constraints.” Research Report 2000–5. ISE Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chekhlov, A., Uryasev, S., and Zabarankin, M. (2005). “Drawdown Measure in Portfolio Optimization.” International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, 8(1): 13–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duarte, J., Longstaff, F.A., and Lu, F. (2007). “Risk and Return in Fixed Income Arbitrage: Nickels in Front of a Steamroller?” The Review of Financial Studies 20(3): 769–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engle, R.F. (1982). “Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of Variance of United Kingdom Inflation.” Econometrica, 50: 987–1008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W. and Hsieh, D.A. (1997) “Empirical Characteristics of Dynamic Trading Strategies: The Case of Hedge Funds.” Review of Financial Studies 10(2): 275–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W. and Hsieh D.A. (2001). “The Risk in Hedge Fund Strategies: Theory and Evidence from Trend Followers.” Review of Financial Studies 14(2): 313–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W. and Hsieh D.A. (2004). “Hedge Fund Benchmarks: A Risk-Based Approach.” Financial Analysts Journal, 60(5): 65–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W. and Hsieh, D.A. (2006). “Hedge Funds: An Industry in Its Adolescence.” Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 91(4): 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W. and Hsieh, D.A. (2007). “Hedge Fund Replication Strategies: Implications for Investors and Regulators.” Banque de France, Financial Stability Review, Special Issue on Hedge Funds, 10(4): 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geltner, D.M. (1991). “Smoothing in Appraisal-Based Returns.” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4(3): 327–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasanhodzic, J. and Lo, A.W. (2007). “Can Hedge Fund Returns Be Replicated? The Linear Case.” Journal of Investment Management, 5(2): 5–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, L. and Wagner, C. (2005). “Factor Modeling and Benchmarking of Hedge Funds: Can Passive Investments in Hedge Fund Strategies Deliver?” Journal of Alternative Investments, 8(3): 9–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kat, H. and Palaro, H. (2005). “Who Needs Hedge Funds? A Copula-Based Approach to Hedge Fund Return Replication.” Working Paper 27, Alternative Investment Research Centre, Cass Business School, Reading, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kat, H. and Palaro, H. (2006). “Hedge Fund Indexation the Fund Creator Way: Efficient Hedge Fund Indexation Without Hedge Funds.” Working Paper 38, Alternative Investment Research Centre, Cass Business School, Reading, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keating, C. and Shadwick, F. (2002). “A Universal Performance Measure.” Journal of Performance Measurement 6(3): 59–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. and Pulvino, T. (2001). “Characteristics of Risk and Return in Risk Arbitrage.” Journal of Finance, 56(6): 2135–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou, N., Remillard, B., and Hocquard, A. (2008). “Replicating the Properties of Hedge Fund Returns.” Journal of Alternative Investments, 11(2): 8–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rockafellar, R.T. and Uryasev, S. (2002). “Conditional Value-At-Risk for General Loss Distributions.” Journal of Banking & Finance, 26(7): 1443–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stowell, D.P. (2010). An Introduction to Investment Banks, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity: the New Paradigm. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, A. and Yamamoto, K. (2008). “Hedge Fund Replication.” CARF Working Papers. Tokyo, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, A. and Yamamoto, K. (2010). “A New Hedge Fund Replication Method with the Dynamic Optimal Portfolio.” Global Journal of Business Research, 4(4): 23–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tancar, R. and Viebig, J. (2008). “Alternative Beta Applied—An Introduction to Hedge Fund Replication.” Financial Markets Portfolio Management, 22(3): 259–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallerstein, E., Tuchschmid, N., and Zaker, S. (2010). “How Do Hedge Fund Clones Manage the Real World?” Global Journal of Business Research, 4(4): 23–34.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Richard D. F. Harris and Murat Mazibas

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harris, R.D.F., Mazibas, M. (2012). Factor-Based Hedge Fund Replication with Risk Constraints. In: Gregoriou, G.N., Kooli, M. (eds) Hedge Fund Replication. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230358317_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics