Skip to main content

Race, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States

  • Chapter
Race, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice in the Americas

Abstract

The disciplines of criminology and criminal justice, in their individual and collective inquiries into crime, criminality and their interactions with the criminal justice system, have given notable attention to the subject of race. Broadly speaking, their inquiries encapsulate debates over the possible and/or actual role played by a person’s racial background in offending and in their contact with the criminal justice system. Criminological/criminal justice interests in these seemingly ongoing concerns have expressed themselves in a significant number of scholarly books in titles ranging from interests in a specific area of the criminal justice system to interests in the general criminal justice process. In addition to these books are the numerous chapters, journal articles, conference papers, government publications and related publications that have joined the debate and kept it alive. In sum, there is now so much literature out there that students, professors and others with interest in race, crime and criminal justice will find plenty to choose from: the task lies in managing the plentiful as opposed to searching for scarce scholarly resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abraham, M. (2005). “Domestic violence and the Indian diaspora in the United States.” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 12 (2–3): 427–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, F., Riaz, S., Barata, P., and Stewart, D. (2004). “Patriarchal beliefs and perceptions of abuse among South Asian immigrant women.” Violence Against Women 10 (3): 262–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Browne-Marshall, G. (2007). Race, Law, and American Society. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bui, H. and Morash, M. (2008). “Immigration, masculinity, and intimate partner violence from the standpoint of domestic violence service providers and Vietnamese-origin women.” Feminist Criminology 3 (3): 191–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Prisons (2011). “Inmate Population.” Bureau of Prisons, http://www.bop.gov/.

    Google Scholar 

  • del Carmen, A. (2008). Racial Profiling in America. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambliss, W. (1969). Crime and the Legal Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christianson, S. (2004). Innocent: Inside Wrongful Conviction Cases. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, B. A. (2010). “Race, Crime and Criminal Justice in Britain.” In: A. Kalunta-Crumpton (Ed.), Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (1996, first published in 1899). The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. Philadelphia, PA: The University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feagin, J. R. (2010a). The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feagin, J. R. (2010b). Racist America. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, no date) “Hate Crime Statistics 1996.” Uniform Crime Reports, FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2002a). “Crime in the United States.” Uniform Crime Reports. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2002b). “Hate Crime Statistics, 2002.” Uniform Crime Reports. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2007). “Crime in the United States.” Uniform Crime Reports. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2009a). “Crime in the United States.” Uniform Crime Reports. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2009b). “Hate Crime Statistics, 2008.” Uniform Crime Report. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2009c). “Hate Crime Statistics 2009.” Uniform Crime Report. FBI: Washington, DC, http://www2.fbi.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, L. and Alvarez, A (2009). “Unwelcome Citizens: Latinos and the Criminal Justice System.” In: L. Jones and M. Nielsen (Eds.), Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filler, D. (2004). “Silence and the racial dimension of Megan’s law.” Iowa Law Review 89: 1535–1594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fluery-Steiner, B. and Argothy, V. (2004). “Lethal ‘borders’: elucidating jurors’ racialized discipline to punish in Latino defendant death cases.” Punishment & Society 6: 67–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gabbidon, S. (2007). Criminological Perspectives on Race and Crime. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabbidon, S. (2010). Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Criminal Justice: International Dilemma. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geis, G. (1972). “Statistics Concerning Race and Crime.” In: C. Reasons and J. Kuykendall (Eds.), Race, Crime and Justice. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georges-Abeyie, D. (1989). “Race, ethnicity, and spatial dynamic.” Social Justice 16: 35–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georges-Abeyie, D. (2010). “Race, Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States.” In: A. Kalunta-Crumpton (Ed.), Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilroy, P. (1987). “The Myth of Black Criminality.” In: P. Scraton (Ed.), Law, Order and the Authoritarian State. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, L. A. (2009). “Privilege and the Construction of Crime.” In: L. Jones and M. Nielsen (Eds.), Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, S. and Crews, G. (2008). “Asian Americans in the Criminal Justice System.” In: R. Toth, G. Crews, and C. Burton (Eds.), In the Margins: Special Populations and American Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, G. (2011). “Beyond black and white: Asian Americans, mass incarceration, and criminal justice system.” Asian American Policy Review 18. Harvard Kennedy School, Online Edition. Retrieved March 26, 2011, from www.harvard.edu

  • Hayner, N. (1938). “Social factors in oriental crime.” American Journal of Sociology 43: 908–919.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, C. (1901). Introduction to the Study of Dependents, Defective, and Delinquent Classes. Boston, MA: D.C. Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrnstein, R. and Murray, C. (1994). The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. London: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, G. E. (2010). Race, Crime and Delinquency: A Criminological Theory Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huff, C. (2004). “Wrongful convictions: the American experience.” Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 46: 107–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. R. (2010a). “How racial profiling became the law of the land.” Georgetown Law Journal 98: 1005–1077.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. R. (2010b). “A case study of color-blindness: the racially disparate impacts of Arizona’s SB 1070 and the Failure of Comprehensive Immigration Reform.” Arizona State Law Journal for Social Justice, UC Davis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 229. Retrieved March 18, 2010, from http://ssrn.com

  • Kalunta-Crumpton, A. (2010a). “In Conclusion: Comparative Assessment of Race, Crime and Criminal Justice in International Perspectives.” In: A. Kalunta-Crumpton (Ed.), Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kalunta-Crumpton, A. (2010b). “History: Race Relations and Justice.” In: A. Kalunta-Crumpton (Ed.), Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kalunta-Crumpton, A. (Ed.) (2010c). Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lea, J. and Young, J. (1993, first published in 1984). What Is To Be Done About Law and Order? London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, M. J. and Michalowski, R. (2005). The New Primer in Radical Criminology: Critical Perspectives on Crime, Power and Identity (4th ed.). New York: Criminal Justice Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, C. R. (1993). Unequal Justice: A Question of Color. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, C. C. (1992). Criminalizing a Race: Free Blacks during Slavery. New York: Kayode.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalowski, R. J. (2009). “Social Class, Crime, and Justice.” In: L. Jones and M. Nielsen (Eds.), Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalowski, R. J. and Kramer, R. (2006). State-Corporate Crime. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, C. J. and Akins, S. (2007). Drugs and Drug Policy: The Control of Consciousness Alteration. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M. and Robyn, L. (2009). “Stolen Lands, Stolen Lives: Native Americans and Criminal Justice.” In: L. Jones and M. Nielsen (Eds.), Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, S. W. (2004). American Indians and Crime: A BJS Statistical Profile, 1992–2002. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, B. (2009). “Perpetual Outsiders: Criminal Justice and the Asian American Experience.” In: L. Jones and M. Nielsen (Eds.), Investigating Difference: Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinney, R. (1977). Class, State, and Crime. New York: McKay.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiman, J. (1996). The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, R. J. and Lauritsen, J. L. (1997). “Racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice in the United States.” Crime and Justice 21: 311–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snowden, L. L. (2008). “Hispanics and Latinos in the Criminal Justice System.” In: R. Toth, G. Crews and C. Burton (Eds.), In the Margins: Special Populations and American Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, E. (1949). White Collar Crime. New York: Dryden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taifa, N. (1994). “‘Three-strikes-and-you’re-out’ — mandatory life imprisonment for third time felons.” University of Dayton Law Review 20: 717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatum, B. L. (2000). “Deconstructing the Association of Race and Crime: The Salience of Skin Color.” In: M. Markowitz and D. Jones-Brown (Eds.), The System in Black and White: Exploring the Connections between Race, Crime, and Justice. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonry, M. (2009). “Explanation of American punishment policies: a national history.” Punishment and Society 11 (3): 377–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonry, M. (2010). “Foreword.” In: A. Kalunta-Crumpton (Ed.), Race, Crime and Criminal Justice: International Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonry, M. (2011). “Race, Bias, and Politics.” In: M. Tonry (Ed.), Punishing Race: A Continuing American Dilemma, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 78–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulloch, S. (1993). Reader’s Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder. London: The Reader’s Digest Association Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Census Bureau (2001). “Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin 2000.” Census 2000 Brief, US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Justice (USDOJ) (2007). “Black Victims of Violent Crime.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, http://www.bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Justice (2009). “Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Victims of Crime.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, http://www.bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Justice (2010a). “Prisoners in 2009.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, http://www.bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Justice (2010b). “Criminal Victimization, 2009.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin, Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, http://www.bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, S., Spohn, C., and DeLone, M. (2007). The Color ofJustice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Anita Kalunta-Crumpton and Kingsley Ejiogu

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kalunta-Crumpton, A., Ejiogu, K. (2012). Race, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States. In: Kalunta-Crumpton, A. (eds) Race, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice in the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230355866_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics