Abstract
In this chapter, I analyse the institutional emergence of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) between 1998 and 2003 as a specific kind of social practice. I argue that the formative years of ESDP, as the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) was then known, cannot be assumed, like most rationalist approaches do, to have been driven by an optimal or preordained outcome. ESDP was not simply the result of a shift in the balance of power or a new way to enact old strategies. Rather, the institutional design of ESDP consisted in a series of haphazard, creative and combinatorial operations carried out by a small group of policymakers who built on existing symbolic and institutional templates. Following Claude Lévi-Strauss, the French anthropologist, I use the term ‘bricolage’ to describe this kind of practice.1
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, E. and Pouliot, V. (eds.) (2011) The Practice Turn in International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Andersson, J.J. (2006) Armed and Ready? The EU Battle Group Concept and the Nordic Battle Group, Stockholm: SIEPS.
Bagayoko, N. (2004) ‘Les politiques de prévention et de gestion de conflits en Afrique subsaharienne’, Les Champs de Mars.
Batora, J. (2009) ‘The European Defence Agency: A Flashpoint of Institutional Logics’ West European Politics 32 (6): 1075–1098.
Biscop, S. (2003) ‘Opening up the ESDP to the South: A Comprehensive and Cooperative Approach to Euro-Mediterranean Security’, Security Dialogue 34 (2): 183–197.
Bourdieu, P. (1992) The Logic of Practice, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1997) Méditations pascaliennes, Paris: Le Seuil.
Brenner, M. (2002) Europe’s New Security Vocation, McNair Paper 66, Washington: National Defence University.
Britz, M. and Eriksson, E. (2005) ‘The European Security and Defence Policy: A Fourth System of European Foreign Policy?’ Politique européenne. 17 (3): 35–62.
Campbell, J. (2004) Institutional Change and Globalization, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Clarke, M. and Cornish, P. (2002) ‘The European Defence Project and the Prague Summit’ International Affairs, 78 (4): 777–788.
Cogan, C. (2001) The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defence, 1989– 2000, Westport, CT: Praeger.
Croft, S. (2000) ‘The EU, NATO, and Europeanisation: The Return of Architectural Debate’ European Security, 9 (3): 1–20.
Crouch, C. and Farrell, C. (2004.) ‘Breaking the Path of Institutional Development? Alternatives to the New Determinism’, Rationality and Society 16 (1): 5–43.
Dandeker, C. and Freedman. F. (2002.) ‘The British Armed Services’, Political Quarterly, 73 (4): 465–475.
De Certeau, M. (1980) Arts de Faire, Paris: UGE.
Deighton, A. (2001) European Union Policy, in Seldon, A. (ed.), The Blair Effect, London: Little, Brown.
De Schoutheete, P. (2004), La cohérence par la défense: une autre lecture de la PESD’, Cahiers de Chaillot., Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
Di Maggio, P. and Powell, W. (1983) ‘The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields’, American Sociological Review, 48 (2): 147–160.
Dover, R. (2005) ‘The Prime Minister and the Core Executive: A Liberal Intergovernmentalist Reading of UK Defence Policy Formulation’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7 (4): 508–525.
Everts, S. and Keohane, D. (2003) ‘The European Convention and EU Foreign Policy: Learning From Failure’, Survival, 45 (3): 167–186.
Faria, F. (2004) ‘Crisis Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of the European Union’, Occasional Paper. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies.
Fligstein, N. (2001), ‘Social Skills and the Theory of Fields’, Sociological Theory, 19 (2): 105–125.
Forster, A. and Blair, A. (2002) The Making of Britain’s EU Policy, London: Longman.
Goodin, R. (ed.) (1996) The Theory of Institutional Design, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gowan, R. (2005) ‘The Battlegroups: A Concept in Search of a Strategy?’, in Biscop, S. (ed.), E Pluribus Unum? Military Integration in the European Union, Ghent: Academia Press, 13–20.
Heisbourg, F. (2000), ‘European Defence: Making It Work’, Chaillot Papers, Paris: Western European Union Institute for Security Studies.
Howorth, J. (2000b), ‘Britain, NATO and CESDP: Fixed Strategy, Changing Tactics’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 5 (3): 1–20.
Howorth, J. (2004) ‘The European Union Draft Constitutional Treaty and the Future of the European Defence Initiative: A Question of Flexibility?’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 9 (4): 483–508.
Howorth, J. (2007) Security and Defence Policy in the European Union, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Howorth, J. and Keeler, J. (2003) Defending Europe: The EU, NATO, and the Quest for European Autonomy, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hunter, R. and Farley, D. (2002) The European Security and Defence Policy: NATO’s Companion or Competitor?, Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Keohane, D. (2002) The EU and Armaments Cooperation, London: Centre for European Reform.
Krause, A. (2003) ‘The European Union’s Africa Policy: The Commission as Policy Entrepreneur in the CFSP’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 8 (2): 221–237.
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1962) La pensée sauvage, Paris: Plon.
Lindblom, C. (1959) ‘The Science of Muddling Through’, Public Administration Review, 19: 79–88.
March, J. and J. Olsen (1989) Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics, New York, New York: Free Press.
Menon, A. (2011) ‘Power, Institutions and the CSDP: The Promise of Institutional Theory’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (1): 83–100.
Mérand, F. (2006.) ‘Social Representations in the European Security and Defence Policy’, Cooperation and Conflict, 41 (2): 241–266.
Mérand, F. (2008) European Defence Policy: Beyond the Nation State, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mérand, F. (2010) ‘Pierre Bourdieu and the Birth of European Defense.’ Security Studies, 19 (3): 342–374.
Moravcsik, A. (1998) The Choice for Europe, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Moravcsik, A. (2001) ‘Bringing Constructivist Theories of the EU out of the Clouds: Have they Landed Yet?’ European Union Politics 2 (2): 226–47.
Neumann, I.B. (2002) ‘Returning Practice to the Linguistic Turn: The Case of Diplomacy’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 31 (3): 627–651.
Neumann, I.B. (2007) ‘A Speech that the Entire Ministry May Stand For, or Why Diplomats Never Produce Anything New’, International Political Sociology, 1 (2): 183–200.
North, D. (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Ojanen, H. (2006) The EU and Nato: Two Competing Models for a Common Defence Policy, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44 (1): 57–76.
Pierson, P. (2004) Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Pouliot, V. (2008) ‘The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities’, International Organization, 62 (2): 257–288.
Quinlan, M. (2001) European Defence Cooperation: Asset or Threat to NATO?, Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Rathbun, B. (2004) Partisan Interventions: European Party Politics and Peace Enforcement in the Balkans, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Rutten, M. (2001) From St. Malo to Nice: European Defence: Core Documents, ed. by. Paris: Western European Union Institute for Security Studies.
Rye, G. (2003) ‘The EU and Conflict Management in African Emergencies’, International Peacekeeping, 9 (3): 87–102.
Sakellariou, and Keating, T. (2003) ‘Safeguarding Multilateralism: The Urgency of European Defence’, Brown Journal of World Affair, IX (2): 83–93.
Salmon, T.C. and Shepherd, A.J.K. (2003) Toward a European Army: A Military Power in the Making?, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Schake, K. (2002) Constructive Duplication, London: Centre for European Reform.
Schmitt, B. (2002) ‘L’industrie de la défense en Europe.’ Annuaire français de relations internationales, Brussels: Bruylant.
Schmitt, B. (2004) Les capacités: l’Union, combien de divisions?, in Gnesotto, N. (ed.) La politique de sécurité et de défense de l’UE: Les cinq premières années, Paris: Institut d’études de sécurité de l’Union européenne. 97–120.
Searle, J. (1983) Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thelen, K. (2003) ‘Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative-Historical Analysis,’ in Mahoney, J. And Rueschmeyer, D. (eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 209–240.
Treacher, A. (2001) ‘Europe as a Power Multiplier for French Security Policy: Strategic Consistency, Tactical Adaptation’, European Security, 10 (1): 22–44.
Treacher, A. (2004) ‘From Civilian Power to Military Power: the EU’s Resistible Transformation’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 9: 49–66.
Wallander, C., Haftendorn, H. and Keohane, K. (1999) ‘Introduction,’ in Keohane, R. et al. (ed.), Imperfect Unions: Security Institutions over Time and Space, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1–20.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2012 Frédéric Mérand
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mérand, F. (2012). Bricolage: A Sociological Approach to the Making of CSDP. In: Kurowska, X., Breuer, F. (eds) Explaining the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy. Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230355729_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230355729_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-32579-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-35572-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)