Skip to main content

From 9/11 to 2011: The ‘War on Terror’ and the Onward March of Executive Power?

  • Chapter
The Legacy of the Crash
  • 448 Accesses

Abstract

Over a decade ago, 9/11 became the iconic event in US and UK politics. The atrocities in New York and Washington represented not only a new type of terrorist phenomenon but also one that signaled new aggressive assertions of executive power by the Bush administration and the Blair government at the expense of Congress and Parliament, and new dangers to the rule of law and protection of civil liberties (Owens, 2010; Shephard, 2010). Both President Bush and Prime Minister Tony Blair accepted the imprimatura of a global ‘war on terror’ (Owens and Dumbrell, 2008, p. 2). In the United States, the Bush administration worked with Congress to formulate and implement revised legal definitions of terrorism; new search, arrest and surveillance powers; and to legislate huge increases in federal spending on the military, law enforcement, surveillance, database management, border control, capital control, and intelligence capacities. Claiming ‘inherent’ and ‘plenary’ powers, Bush administration officials also effectively authorized and organized state kidnapping of alleged terrorists both in the US and abroad (’extraordinary rendition’), interned suspects in military facilities in the US and abroad without legal redress, and sanctioned abuse and torture of detainees by US personnel, private contractors and foreign governments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackerman, Bruce (1999) ‘Revolution on a Human Scale’, Yale Law Journal, 108: 2279–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agiesta, Jennifer (2009) ‘Torture: The Memos and Partisan Reaction’, Washington Post, 26 April, voices.washingtonpost.com, accessed 20 October 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angus Reid/Public Opinion (2010a) ‘Three-in-Four Britons Foresee a Terrorist Attack in the Next Year. Three-in-five Americans Believe a Terrorist Attack is Likely to Happen in their Country — Only 38 per cent of Canadians Concur’, 11 November, http://www.angus-reid.com, accessed 20 March 2011.

  • Angus Reid/Public Opinion (2010b) ‘Most Britons Continue to Regret Sending Soldiers to Afghanistan’, 21 December, http://www.angus-reid.com, accessed 3 April 2011.

  • Bennister, Mark (2008) ‘Blair and Howard: Predominant Prime Ministers Compared’, Parliamentary Affairs, 61(2): 334–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogdanor, Vernon (2011) The Coalition and the Constitution, Video of lecture, Canterbury, University of Kent, 2 March, http://www.kent.ac.uk/politics/, accessed 31 March 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, Alexander (2008) ‘Cheney Says Obama should be Grateful to Bush’, The Hill, 15 December, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, David (2010a) ‘PM Article in Wall Street Journal: UK-US Relations’, 20 July, http://www.number10.gov.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

  • Cameron, David (2011) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates, 16 February, col. 955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, David, and Nick Clegg (2010) ‘Foreword’, in United Kingdom. Government, ‘A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy’, CM 7953, October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlile, Lord (2011) Sixth Report of the Independent Reviewer Pursuant of Section 14(3) of the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, 3 February, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Constitutional Rights (2009) ‘Obama Administration Offers Essentially Same Definition of Enemy Combatant Without Using the Term’ (New York: Center for Constitutional Rights).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, Chris (2011) ‘We Mustn’t Ignore the Fact that British Drones Kill Too. We Claim Moral Superiority Over the US on Drone Deaths, yet a Wall of Silence Surrounds Our Own Record’, Guardian, 13 May, p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conservative Party (2010a) ‘Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Negotiations: Agreements Reached 11 May 2010’, http://www.conservatives.com, accessed 24 August 2010.

  • Conservative Party (2010b) ‘Where We Stand/National Security’, http://www.conservatives.com, accessed 24 August 2010.

  • Cooper, Yvette (2011) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates, 26 January, col. 311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowley, Philip, and Mark Stuart (2010) ‘A Coalition with Wobbly Wings: Backbench Dissent since May 2010’, 8 November, p. 4, http://www.revolts.co.uk, accessed 31 March 2011.

  • Davis, Darren W. (2007) Negative Liberty: Public Opinion and the Terrorist Attacks on America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Office of Security and Counter Terrorism (OSCT), Ministry of Defence (2010) ‘What Perceptions do the UK Public have Concerning the Impact of Counter-terrorism Legislation Implemented since 2000?’ Occasional Paper 88 (London: Home Office), March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denniston, Lyle (2009) ‘Commentary: Did Boumediene Leave Too Much Undone? A Key Judge’s Lament over Detention’, 22 December, http://www.scotusblog.com, accessed 25 August 2010.

  • Dumbrell, John W. (2008) ‘Working With Allies. US-UK Relations, the Iraq Invasion, and the Future of the “Special Relationship”’, in John E. Owens and John W. Dumbrell (eds), America’s ‘War on Terror’: New Dimensions in US Government and National Security (Lanham, MD and Plymouth: Lexington Books), pp. 233–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, Peter (2009a) ‘Administration Won’t Seek New Detention System’, Washington Post, 24 September, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, Peter, Joby Warrick and Julie Tate (2009) ‘CIA Releases its Instructions for Breaking a Detainee’s Will’, Washington Post, 25 August, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, Louis (2000) Congressional Abdication on War and Spending (College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flinders, Matthew, and Alexandra Kelso (2011) ‘Mind the Gap: Political Analysis, Public Expectations and the Parliamentary Decline Thesis’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 13, 249–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foley, Michael (2000) The British Presidency: Tony Blair and the Politics of Public Leadership, 2nd edn (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaberson, William (2009) ‘U.S. Won’t Label Terror Suspects as “Combatants”’, New York Times, 13 March, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider-Markel, Donald P., Mark R. Joslyn and Mohammad Tarek Al-Baghal (2006) ‘Can we Frame the Terrorist Threat? Issue Frames, the Perception of Threat, and Opinions on Counterterrorism Policies’, Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(4), 545–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, Bernard (2011) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates. 21 March, col. 793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Carrie (2009) ‘Showdown Looming On “State Secrets”. Judge Threatens to Penalize U.S. in Wiretap Case’, Washington Post, 26 May, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellner, Peter (2011) ‘Curtailing Civil Liberties?’ YouGov, 10 January, today.yougov.co.uk, accessed 20 March 2011.

  • Langston, Thomas (2007) ‘“The Decider’s” Path to War in Iraq and the Importance of Personality’, in George C. Edwards and Desmond S. King (eds), The Polarized Presidency of George W. Bush (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leigh, Edward (2011) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates. 21 March, col. 772.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Paul, and Marc Vallée (2009) ‘Revealed: Police Databank on Thousands of Protesters. Films and Details of Campaigners and Journalists may Breach Human Rights Act’, Guardian, 6 March, http://www.guardian.co.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liberal Democrats (2010a) ‘Defence and International Affairs’, 23 April, iowlibdems.org.uk, accessed 29 March 2011.

  • Liberal Democrats (2010b) Change that Works for You: Building a Fairer Britain, May, network.libdems.org.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

  • Lowi, Theodore J. (1985) The Personal President: Power. Invested Promise Unfulfilled (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzetti, Mark (2009) ‘Panetta Open to Tougher Methods in Some CIA Interrogations’, New York Times, 5 February, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Theresa (2011a) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates, 26 January, col. 308.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Theresa (2011b) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates, 28 March, col. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merolla, Jennifer L., and Elizabeth J. Zechmeister (2009) Democracy at Risk: How Terrorist Tthreats Affect the Public (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Moe, Terry M. (1985) ‘The Politicized Presidency’, in John E. Chubb and Paul E. Peterson (eds), The New Direction in American Politics (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution), pp. 235–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, Madeline (2011) Speech. House of Commons. Hansard. Debates, 21 March, col. 756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, John (2005) ‘Simplicity and Spook: Terrorism and the Dynamics of Threat Exaggeration’, International Studies Perspectives, 6, 208–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, John (2006) ‘Is there Still a Terrorist Threat? The Myth of the Omnipresent Enemy’, Foreign Affairs, September/October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulero, Eugene, and Tim Starks (2010) ‘Long-Delayed Intelligence Authorization Bill Clears’, CQ Weekly, October 4, 2295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, Philip (2003) ‘Governing Alone’, Parliamentary Affairs, 56(4), 543–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, Philip (2007) ‘Tony Blair and the Constitution’, British Politics, 2(2), 269–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obama, Barack (2009a) Interview with Al Arabiya news channel, http://www.alarabiya.net, accessed 28 January 2009.

  • Obama, Barack (2009b) ‘Press Availability with Prime Minister Rudd of Australia’, http://www.whitehouse.gov, accessed 28 March 2009.

  • Obama, Barack (2009c) ‘Remarks by the President on National Security’, http://www.whitehouse.gov, accessed 21 May 2009.

  • Owens, John E. (2008) ‘Presidential Aggrandizement and Congressional Acquiescence in the “War on Terror”: A New Constitutional Equilibrium?’, in John E. Owens and John W. Dumbrell (eds), America’s ‘War on Terror’: New Dimensions in US Government and National Security (Lanham, MD and Plymouth: Lexington Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, John E. (2010) ‘Congressional Acquiescence to Presidentialism in the US “War on Terror”: From Bush to Obama’, in John E. Owens and Riccardo Pelizzo (eds), The ‘War on Terror’ and the Growth of Executive Power? (New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, John E. (2011) ‘A “Post-Partisan” President in a Partisan Context’, in James A. Thurber (ed.), Obama in Office. The First Two Years (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, John E., and John W. Dumbrell (2008) ‘America’s “War on Terror”: New Dimensions in US Government and National Security’, in John E. Owens and John W. Dumbrell (eds.) America’s ‘War on Terror’: New Dimensions in US Government and National Security (Lanham, MD and Plymouth: Lexington Books), pp. 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, Paul (1994) ‘The President’s Dominance in Foreign Policy Making’, Political Science Quarterly, 109(2), 215–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pew Research Center (2010) ‘Continued Positive Marks for Government Anti-Terror Efforts. But Many Say U.S. Has Been Lucky in Avoiding Attack’, 22 October (Washington, DC: Pew Research Center for the People and the Press), people-press.org, accessed 22 March 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfiffner, James P. (2008) The Modern Presidency, 5th edn (Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth).

    Google Scholar 

  • Poguntke, Thomas, and Paul Webb (2005) The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Radford, Ploy (2011) ‘Tough on Terror’, YouGov, 2 December, today.yougov.co.uk, accessed 20 March 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rimmerman, Craig A. (1993) Presidency by Plebiscite: Reagan-Bush Era in Institutional Perspective (Boulder, CO and Oxford: Westview Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Risen, James, and Eric Lichtblau (2009) ‘E-Mail Surveillance Renews Concerns in Congress’, New York Times, 17 June, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, John (2011) ‘Osama bin Laden’s Death: Implications and Considerations’, CRS Report for Congress Report R41809 (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossiter, Clinton L. (1948) Constitutional Dictatorship. Crisis Government in the Modern Democracies (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudalevige, Andrew (2005) The New Imperial Presidency. Renewing Presidential Power After Watergate (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, Charlie (2007) ‘Barack Obama’s Q&A’, Boston Globe, 20 December, http://www.boston.com/news, accessed 17 December 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savage, Charlie, and James Risen (2007) ‘Federal Judge Finds N.S.A. Wiretaps Were Illegal’, New York Times, 31 March, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, John (2009) ‘Obama Backs Off a Reversal on Secrets’, New York Times, 9 February, p. A1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shephard, Mark (2010) ‘Parliamentary Scrutiny and Oversight of the British “War on Terror”: Surrendering Power to Parliament or Plus ça change?.’, in John E. Owens and Riccardo Pelizzo (eds), The ‘War on Terror’ and the Growth of Executive Power? (London and New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Starks, Tim, and Seth Stern (2011) ‘Government Lacks Plan for How to Deal with Terrorist Enemies’, CQ Weekly, 21 March 2, 622–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, Spencer C. (2009) U.S. Leadership in Wartime: Clashes, Controversy, and Compromise, Vol. 1 (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO).

    Google Scholar 

  • UK Home Office (2010) ‘A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy’, CM 7953, October, http://www.official-documents.gov.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

  • UK Home Office (2011) ‘Review of Counter-Terrorism and Security Powers’, CM 8004, January, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk, accessed 28 March 2011.

  • UK Parliament, House of Commons Defence Committee (2010) Oral Evidence, 26 October, HC554-i.

    Google Scholar 

  • UK Parliament, House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (2011) Report, February, HC514.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations (2009) Report 111–105. 111th Congress, First Session. Making Supplemental Appropriations for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2009, and for Other Purposes, 12 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Congress, Senate, Committee on the Judiciary (2009) Hearings. Executive Nomination of Eric H. Holder Jr., to be Attorney General of the United States, 111th Congress, First Session, 15 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • US White House (2010) National Security Strategy (Washington, DC), May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Pete (2011) ‘Bin Laden Killing was Legally Justified, Holder says. “It was a Kill or Capture Mission … He Made No Attempts to Surrender”’, NBC News, 4 May, http://www.msnbc.msn.com, accessed 17 May 2011.

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2011 John E. Owens and Mark Shephard

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Owens, J.E., Shephard, M. (2011). From 9/11 to 2011: The ‘War on Terror’ and the Onward March of Executive Power?. In: Casey, T. (eds) The Legacy of the Crash. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230343498_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics