Abstract
As in most other parliamentary systems, in Turkey the executive branch has a dual structure,1 comprising the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers. Both the 1924 and the 1961 Constitutions conceived of the Presidency of the Republic as a rather symbolic office with very few substantive political powers. The 1982 Constitution departed from this tradition by significantly strengthening the office of the Presidency as was alluded to, while maintaining the other characteristics of a parliamentary system of government such as the political responsibility of the ministers vis-à-vis the legislature.
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Notes
Paul Marie Gaudemet, Le Pouvoir Exécutif dans les Pays Occidentaux (Paris: Edition Montchrestien, 1966).
see Mehmet Turhan, Hükûmet Sistemleri (Ankara: Gündogan, 1995).
Serap Yazici, Başkanlik ve Yari-Başkanlik Sistemleri: Türkiye İçin Bir Değerlendirme (İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2002).
Nur Uluşahin, Saf Hükûmet Sistemleri Karşisinda İki Başli Yürütme (Ankara: Yetkin, 2007).
Kenan Evren, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Başkam Orgeneral Kenan Evren’in Yeni Anayasayi Devlet Adina Resmen Tanitma Programi Gereğince Yaptiklari Konuşmalar (Ankara: TBMM Basimevi, 1982), pp. 88–89.
Alfred Stepan, The Military in Politics: Changing Patterns in Brazil (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), p. 179.
see William Hale, Turkish Politics and the Military (London and New York: Routledge, 1994).
Serap Yazici, Türkiye’de Askeri Müdahalelerin Anayasal Etkileri (Ankara: Yetkin, 1997).
Mehmet Ali Birand, Shirts of Steel: An Anatomy of the Turkish Armed Forces (London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1991).
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© 2011 Ergun Özbudun
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Özbudun, E. (2011). The Executive and the Administration. In: The Constitutional System of Turkey. Middle East Today. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337855_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337855_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-29911-9
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