Skip to main content

Genre, Special Effects and Authorship in the Critical Reception of Science Fiction Film and Television during the 1950s

  • Chapter
It Came From the 1950s!
  • 498 Accesses

Abstract

Accounts of science fiction in film and television in the 1950s often present it as dominated by the alien invasion narratives, in which monsters from outer space seek to subjugate or exterminate humanity. Furthermore, these alien invasion narratives are commonly presented as rather simplistic products of Cold War tensions in which the alien is merely a thin disguise for soviet aggression. As Andrew Tudor puts it:

In the fifties … our way of life is threatened by alien forces which adversely affect the world around us. In this xenophobic universe we can do nothing but rely on the state, in the form of military, scientific and governmental elites … In this respect, then, fifties SF/horror movies teach us not so much ‘to stop worrying and love the bomb’ as ‘to keep worrying and love the state’, an admonition which accords perfectly with the nuclear-conscious Cold War culture of the period.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Andrew Tudor, Monsters and Mad Scientists: A Cultural History of the Horror Movie (Oxford: Blackwells, 1989) p. 220.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Peter Biskind, Seeing Is Believing: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Fifties (New York: Pantheon, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Andrew Dowdy, Films of the Fifties: The American State of Mind (New York: Morrow, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mark Jancovich, Rational Fears: American Horror in the 1950s (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Patrick Lucanio, Them or Us: Archetypal Interpretations of Fifties Alien Invasion Films (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bill Warren, Keep Watching the Skies: American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  7. For histories of science fiction see Brian Ash, ed., The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (New York: Harmony, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Thomas R. Atkins, ed., Science Fiction Films (New York: Monarch, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  9. John Baxter, Science Fiction in the Cinema (New York: Paperback Library, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  10. John Brosnan, Future Tense: The Cinema of Science Fiction (London: Macdonald and Jane’s, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  11. John Brosnan, The Primal Screen: A History of Science Fiction Film (London: Orbit, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Christine Cornea, Science Fiction Cinema: Between Fantasy and Reality (Edinburgh: EUP, 2007).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Edward Edleson, Visions of Tomorrow: Great Science Fiction from the Movies (New York: Doubleday, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Alan Frank, The Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Handbook (Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Denis Gifford, Science Fiction Films (London: Studio Vista, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bill Harry, Heroes of the Spaceways (London: Omnibus, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Phil Hardy, ed., The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction Movies (London: Octopus, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  18. William Johnson, ed., Focus on Science Fiction Films (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Damon Knight, In Search of Wonder (Chicago: Advent, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Frank Manchel, Great Science Fiction Films (New York: Franklin Watts, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Douglas Menville, A Historical and Critical Survey of the Science Fiction Film (New York: Arno, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Douglas Menville and R. Reginald, Things to Come: An Illustrated History of the Science Fiction Film (New York: New York Times Books, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Peter Nichols, Fantastic Cinema (London: Ebury, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Frederik Pohl and Frederik Pohl IV, Science Fiction Stiidies in Film (New York: Ace, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jeff Rovin, A Pictorial History of Science Fiction Films (Secaucus: Citadel, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Vivian Sobchack, Screening Space: The American Science Fiction Film (New York: Ungar, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Philip Strick, The Movie Treasury of Science Fiction Movies (London: Gallery, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  28. J.P. Telotte, Science Fiction Film (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. Gary K. Wolfe, The Known and the Unknown: The Iconography of Science Fiction (Kent, OH: Kent State Univesity Press, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bosley Crowther, ‘THE SCREEN: TWO FILMS HAVE LOCAL PREMIERES; “The Thing,” an Eerie Scientific Number by Howard Hawks, Opens at the Criterion “Communist for F.B.I.” New Picture at Strand Theatre, Features Frank Lovejoy At the Criterion’, New York Times, 3 May, 1951, p. 34.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ray Bradbury, ‘The Concrete Mixer’, in Thrilling Wonder Stories, April, 1949 and republished in The Illustrated Man (first edition Doubleday, 1951).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Adam Roberts, The History of Science Fiction (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 215.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, August 1953, p. 131.

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. W., ‘Look Out! The Space Boys are Loose Again’, in New York Times, 18 June, 1953, p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Brog., ‘Film Reviews’, Variety, 27 May, 1953, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, June, 1957, p. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, March, 1959, p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  38. George Mann, ed., The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (London: Robinson, 2001), p. 74.

    Google Scholar 

  39. See, for example, Glen Creeber, ed., The Television Genre Book (London: British Film Institute, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jane Feuer, ‘Genre study and Television’, in Robert C. Allen, ed., Channels of Discourse, Reassembled (London: Routledge, 1992), pp. 138–60.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jason Mittel, Genre and Television: From Cop Shows to Cartoons in American Culture (New York: Routledge, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  42. For the classic account of this position, see John Ellis, Visible Fictions: Cinema: Television: Video (London: Routledge, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  43. For challenges to Ellis’s claims, see John Caldwell, Televisuality: Style, Crisis, and Authority in American Television (Piscataway: Rutgers University Press, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  44. John Corner, Critical Ideas in Television Studies (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Furthermore, there is often a confusion between the supposed transparency of television’s visual style, and the supposed lack of television’s visual style. Writing of the supposed incompatibility between television and horror, Waller moves from a discussion of ‘the “invisible” style’ of the made-for-television films to a complaint about ‘the technical limitations that affect all telefilms’ so that the ‘relatively poor definition of the standard television image, for example, hampers, if not prohibits, telefilms from disclosing to the viewer a complex mosaic of vivid, mysteriously charged details’. Gregory A. Waller, ‘Made-for-Television Horror Films’, in Gregory A. Waller, ed., American Horrors: Essays on the Modern American Horror Film (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), p. 147.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, February 1957, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Anon., ‘Viewers Write to the “Radio Times”’, Radio Times, 29 August 1952, p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Anon, Monthly Film Bulletin, September 1955, p. 150.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Michael Lewis, ‘Did You Hear That? Children’s Comics’, The Listener, 13 December 1951, p. 1007.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Christopher Priest, ‘British Science Fiction’ in Patrick Parrinder, ed., Science Fiction: A Critical Guide (London: Longman, 1979), p. 194.

    Google Scholar 

  51. See, for example, James Naremore, More than Night: Film Noir and its Contexts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Stephen Neale, Genre and Hollywood (London: Routledge, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Mark Jancovich, ‘A Real Shocker: Authenticity, Genre and the Struggle for Cultural Distinctions’, Continuum, 14: 1, April 2000, pp. 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Brian Aldiss, Billion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction (London: Corgi, 1973), p. 258.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Bosley Crowther, ‘British Science-Fiction Thriller, “Project M.7,” and Italian Import, “The Lucky Five,” Bow Here’, New York Times, 27 November, 1953, p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bosley Crowther, ‘20,000 Leagues in 128 Fantastic Minutes’, New York Times, 24 December, 1954, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Anon., Tele Followup Comment, Variety, 25 April, 1951, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Thomas M. Pryor, ‘George Pal Plans New Film On Space’, New York Times, 21 May, 1952, p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  59. A.H. Weiler, ‘Screen: “Saucer” Story — Quasi-Documentary on “Flying Objects” Bows’, New York Times, 13 June, 1956, p. 46.

    Google Scholar 

  60. A.H. Weiler, ‘Screen: Supersonic Age Pioneers — ‘On the Threshold of Space’ Bows at Globe’, New York Times, 30 March, 1956, p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hift., ‘7th Voyage of Sinbad’, Variety, 26 November, 1958, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, February 1952, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  63. A.W., ‘At the Paramount’, New York Times, 1 May, 1954, p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  64. A.W., ‘“Beast from 20,000 Fathoms” Invades City’, New York Times, 25 June, 1953, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bosley Crowther, ‘Screen: Horror Import — “Godzilla” a Japanese Film, is at State’, New York Times, 28 April, 1956, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Holl., ‘Film Review’, Variety, 17 June, 1953, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Jack Gould, ‘Television in Review’, New York Times, 20 November, 1949, p. X9.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Jack Gould, ‘Television in Review’, New York Times, 30 April, 1950, p. X11.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Jack Gould, ‘Television in Review’, New York Times, 4 November, 1951, p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Oscar Godbout, TV Blast-Off: A Slow Start’, New York Times, 3 August, 1958, p. X9.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Howard Thompson, ‘“Blob” Slithers into Mayfair’, New York Times, 7 November, 1958, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, April 1959, p. 62.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Bosley Crowther, ‘“Destination Moon,” George Pal Version of Rocket Voyage, New Film at Mayfair’, New York Times, 28 June, 1950, p. 32.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Bosley Crowther, ‘Screen: Wonderful Trip in Space — Forbidden Plant is Out of This World’, New York Times, 4 May, 1956, p. 21.

    Google Scholar 

  75. H.H.T., ‘“This Island Earth” Explored From Space’, New York Times, 11 June, 1955, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Anon., ‘Film Reviews’, Variety, June 17, 1953, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Thomas Schatz, ‘The New Hollywood’, in Jim Collins et al., eds, Film Theory Goes to the Movies (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 8–36.

    Google Scholar 

  78. See Andy Murray, Into the Unknown: The Fantastic Life of Nigel Kneale (London: Headpress, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  79. John Caughie, Television Drama: Realism, Modernism and British Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  80. Lez Cooke, British Television Drama: A History (London: British Film Institute, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Jason Jacobs, The Intimate Screen: Early British Television Drama (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  82. John P. Shanley, ‘A Playwright at the Controls’, New York Times, 20 September, 1959, p. X19.

    Google Scholar 

  83. See for example Paul Buhle and Dave Wagner, Hide in Plain Sight: The Hollywood Blacklistees in Film and Television, 1950–2002 (New York: Palgrave, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Jeff Sconce, ‘Science Fiction Programmes’ in Horace Newcomb, ed., Encyclopedia of Television (Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Quoted in Tom Engelhardt, The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Jack Gould, ‘Rod Serling Series’, The New York Times, October 3, 1959, p. 39.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Neal., ‘Film Reviews’, Variety, June 9, 1954, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Kove., ‘Film Reviews’, Variety, September 12, 1956, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Powe., ‘Film Reviews’ Variety, 17 September, 1958, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, June 1957, p. 89.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Anon., Variety, 27 May 1953, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Anon., Variety, 10 February 1954, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, June, 1957, p. 83.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, January 1956, p.21.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hift, Variety, 16 March 1955, p.6.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Anon., Monthly Film Bulletin, April, 1959, p. 61.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2011 Mark Jancovich and Derek Johnston

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jancovich, M., Johnston, D. (2011). Genre, Special Effects and Authorship in the Critical Reception of Science Fiction Film and Television during the 1950s. In: Jones, D., McCarthy, E., Murphy, B.M. (eds) It Came From the 1950s!. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230337237_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics