Abstract
The emergence of countries such as China and India and the general trend towards economic opening has led to announcements of global strategic intent by virtually all of the major companies in recent years (Grosse, 2005). However, a primary consideration in focusing specifically on the cross-border activities of banks emanated from the sheer size of their international activities. For example, a cursory examination of foreign assets as a percentage of total assets of the 30 largest banks reveals that they increased from 35 per cent in 1980 to over 38 per cent by 2003 (De Nicolo et al., 2004). Moreover, the absolute size of the foreign assets of these same banks increased 11-fold from $650 billion in 1990 to over $7,571 billion in 2000 (Slager, 2005). Prior to the credit crunch, the global banking sector was estimated to have had a market value in excess of $65,700 billion in 2005 (Datamonitor, 2006).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altman, E., Brady, B., Resti, A. and Sironi, A. (2005) ‘The Link between Default and Recovery Rates; Implications for Credit Risk Models and Procyclicality’, Journal of Business, 78, 2203–28.
Alvarez-Gil, M.J., Cardone-Riportella, C., Lado-Couste, N. and Samartin- Saenz, M. (2003) ‘Financial Service Firms’ Entry-Mode Choice and Cultural Diversity: Spanish Companies in Latin America’, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 21(3), 109–21.
Amel, D., Barnes, C., Pannetta, F. and Salleo, C. (2003) ‘Consolidation and Efficiency in the Financial Sector: A Review of the International Evidence’, CEIS Tor Vergata Research Paper Series, 7(20) (June).
Anderson, O. (1993) ‘On the Internationalisation Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis’, Journal of International Business Studies, 24(2), 209–31.
Atamer, T., Calori, R., Gustavsson, P. and Menguzzato-Boulard, M. (2000) ‘Internationalisation Strategies’, in Calori, R., Atamer, T. and Nunes, P. (eds), The Dynamics of International Competition — From Practice to Theory, Strategy Series (London: Sage), pp. 162–206.
The Banker (2004) The Top 100 Banks (London: Financial Times Business Limited).
Barros, P.P., Berglof, E., Fulghierri, J., Gual, J., Mayer, C. and Vives, X. (2005) Integration of European Banks: The Way Forward (London: Centre for Economic Policy Research).
Bartlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. (1989) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press).
Basel (2004) Basel II: International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: a Review Framework, Basel Committee Publications, No. 107, on banking supervision.
Bauer, J.N. (1994) ‘The Emergence of Global Networks in Telecommunications: Transcending National Regulation and Market Constraints’, Journal of Economic Issues, 28(2), 391–402.
Beitel, P.P. and Schiereck, D. (2001) Value Creation at the Ongoing Consolidation of the European Banking Market, Working Paper 05/01, Institute for Mergers and Acquisitions, University of Witten/Herdecke, September.
Berger, A.N., DeYoung, R. and Udell, G.F. (2001) ‘Efficiency Barriers to the Consolidation of the European Financial Services Industry’, European Management Journal, 7(1), 117–30.
Berger, A.N., Dai, Q., Ongena, S. and Smith, D. (2003) ‘To What Extent Will the Banking System become Globalised? A Study of Bank Nationality and Reach in Twenty European Countries’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 27(March), 383–415.
Bikker, J.A. and Metzemakers, P.A.J. (2005) ‘Bank Provisioning Behaviour and Procyclicality’, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 15, 141–57.
Boot, A.W. A. and Thakor, A.V. (1996) ‘Banking Structure and Financial Innovation’, in Saunders, A. and Walter, I. (eds), Universal Banking: Financial System Design Reconsidered (Chicago: Irwin Professional Publishing), pp. 420–30.
Bryan, L., Fraser, J., Oppenheim, J. and Rall, W. (1999), Race for the World: Strategies to Build a Great Global Firm (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press).
Buch, C.M. and Heinrich, R.P. (2002) Financial Integration in Europe and Banking Sector Performance, Kiel Institute of World Economics, Mimeograph.
Buch, C.M. and Lipponer, A. (2007) ‘FDI Versus Exports: Evidence from German Banks’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(3), 805–26.
Buch, C.M. and De Long, G. (2004) ‘Cross-Border Bank Mergers: What Lures the rare Animal’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 2077–102.
Buckley, PJ. and Casson, M.C. (1976) The Future of the Multinational Enterprise (London: Macmillan).
Caves, R.E. (1982) Multinational Enterprise and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Chang, H. (2004) Globalisation, Economic Development and the Role of the State (London: Zed Books Ltd).
Claessens, S., Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Huizinga, H. (2000) ‘The Role of Foreign Banks in Domestic Banking Systems’, in Claessens, S. and Jansen, M. (eds), The Internationalisation of Financial Services: Issues and Lessons for Developing Countries (Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic).
Clarke, G., Cull, R., Soledad, M., Peria, M. and Sanchez, S.M. (2003), ‘Foreign Bank Entry: Experience, Implications for Developing Economies, and Agenda for Further Research’, The World Bank Research Observer, 18(1), Spring, 25–59.
Coffey, A. and Atkinson, P. (1996) Making Sense of Qualitative Data; Complementary Research Strategies (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
Dages, G.B., Goldberg, L.B. and Kinney, D. (2000) ‘Foreign and Domestic Bank Participation in Emerging Markets: Lessons from Mexico and Argentina’, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 6(1), 17–36.
Datamonitor (2006), Global Banks Industry Profile (London: Datamonitor), 0199–2013.
De Nicolo, G., Bartholomew, P., Zaman, J. and Zephirin, M. (2004) Bank Consolidation, Internationalisation and Conglomeration: Trends and Implications for Financial Risk, IMF Working Paper No. WP/03/158 (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund).
Denrell, J., Fang, C. and Winther, S.G. (2003) ‘The Economics of Strategic Opportunity’, Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 977–90.
Dey, I. (1993) Qualitative Data Analysis (London: Routledge).
Di Maggio, PJ and Powell, W.W. (1983) ‘The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organisational Fields’, American Sociological Review, 48, 147–60.
Doz, Y. (1980) ‘Strategic management in Multinational Companies’, Sloan Management Review, 21(4), 27–46.
Doz, Y. (1996) ‘The Evolution of Co-operation in Strategic Alliances: Initial Conditions or Learning Processes?’, Strategic Management Review, 17(Special Issue), 55–83.
Dunning, J.H. (1997) Alliance Capitalism and Global Business (London: Routledge).
Dunning, J.H. (2001) ‘The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production: Past Present and Future’, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8(2), 173–90.
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. (2003) Management Research: An Introduction (London: Sage Publications).
Erramilli, M.K. (1991) ‘The Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Behaviour of Service Firms’, Journal of International Business Studies, 22(3), 479–502.
Fayerweather, J. (1969) International Business Management (New York: McGraw Hill).
Focarelli, D. and Pozzolo, A.F. (2001) ‘The Patterns of Cross-border Mergers and Shareholdings in OECD Countries’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 25, 2305–37.
Focarelli, D. and Pozzolo, A.F. (2005) ‘Where Do Banks Expand Abroad? An Empirical Analysis’, The Journal of Business, 78(6), 2435–64.
Friedman, M. (2007) ‘The Social Responsibility of Business to Increase its Profits’, in Zimmerli, W.C., Holzinger, M. and Richter, K. (eds), Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance (Berlin: Springer), pp. 173–8.
FSA (2009) The Turner Review: A Regulatory Response to the Global Banking Crisis (London: Financial Services Authority).
Gardener, E.P.M., Howcroft, J. and Williams, J. (1999) ‘The New Retail Banking Revolution’, The Service Industries Journal, 19(2), 83–100.
Ghauri, P.N. and Gronhaug, K. (2005) Research Methods in Business Studies: A Practical Guide (Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall).
Goddard, J., Molyneux, P., Wilson, J.O.S. and Tavakoli, M. (2007) ‘European Banking: An Overview’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 31(7), 1911–35.
Grosse, R. (2004) The Future of Global Financial Services (Oxford: Blackwell).
Grosse, R. (2005) ‘Are the Largest Financial Institutions Really Global?’, Management International Review, Special Issue (45), 129–44.
Grosse, R. and Goldberg, L.G. (1991) ‘Foreign Bank Activity in the United States: An Analysis by Country of Origin’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 15(6), 1092–112.
Hall, M.J.B. (1993) Handbook of Banking Regulation and Supervision in the United Kingdom (London: Woodhead-Faulkner).
Hamalainen, P., Hall, M. and Howcroft, B. (2003) ‘Market Discipline: A Theoretical Framework for Regulating Policy Development’, in Kaufman, G. (ed.), Market Deregulation in Banking: Theory and Evidence, Research in Financial Services: Private and Public Policy (Oxford: Elsevier), pp. 57–97.
Hamalainen, P., Pop, A., Hall, M.J.B. and Howcroft, B. (2008) ‘Did The Market Signal Impending Problems at Northern Rock? An Analysis of Four Financial Instruments’, Loughborough University, Department of Economics, Discussion Paper Series, No. 8.
Hannan, M.T. and Freeman, J.H. (1984) ‘Structural Inertia and Organisational Change’, American Sociological Review, 49, 149–64.
ul-Haq, R. and Howcroft, J.B. (2007) ‘An Examination of Strategic Alliances and the Origins of International Banking in Europe’, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(2), 120–39.
Hauswald, R. and Marquez, R. (2006) ‘Competition and Strategic information Acquisition in Credit Markets’, Review of Financial Studies, 19(3), 967–1000.
Helpman, E., Melitz, M.J. and Yeaple, S.R. (2004) ‘Export Versus FDI’, American Economic Review, 94, 300–16.
Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.E. (1977) ‘The Internationalisation Process of the Firm-A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments’, Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23–32.
Karimi, J., Yash, Y.P. and Somers, T.M. (1996) ‘Impact of Competitive Strategy and Information Technology Maturity on Firm’s Strategic Response to Globalisation’, Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(4), 55–88.
King, N. (2004) ‘Using Templates in Thematic Analysis of Text’, in Cassell, C. and Symon, G. (eds), Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organisational Research (London: Sage), pp. 256–70.
Kogut, B. (1985a) ‘Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and competitive Value-added Chains’, Sloan Management Review, Summer, 15–28.
Kogut, B. (1985b) ‘Designing Global Strategies: Profiting from Operational Flexibility’, Sloan Management Review, Fall, 27–38.
Kwok, C.C.Y. and Tadesse, S. (2006) ‘National Culture and Financial Systems’, Journal of International Business Systems, 37, 227–47.
Lawrence, P.R. and Lorsch, J.W. (1967) Organisation and Environment (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press).
Lawson, T. (1997) Economics & Reality (London: Routledge).
Leknes, H.N. and Carr, C. (2004) ‘Globalisation, International Configurations and Strategic Implications: The Case of Retailing’, Long Range Planning, 37(1), 29–49.
Lewis, M. (2003) ‘Globalisation and Corporate Governance’, in Shanahan, M. and Treuren, G. (eds), Globalisation: Australian Regional Perspectives (Adelaide, South Australia: Wakefield Press), pp. 66–94.
Lumpkin, G.T. and Dess, G.G. (1996) ‘Classifying the Entrepreneurial Construct and Linking it to Performance’, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–72.
Luo, Y. (1999) ‘Time-Based Experience and International Expansion: The Case of an Emerging Economy’, Journal of Management Studies, 36(4), 504–34.
Markusen, J.R. (2002) Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).
Miles, N.B. and Huberman, A.M. (1984) Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods (London: Sage).
Miles, N.B. and Huberman, A.M. (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (London: Sage).
Miller, G.A. (1986) ‘Dictionaries in the Mind’, Language and Cognitive Processes, 1(1), 171–85.
Morse, J. (1994) ‘Emerging from the Data: Cognitive Process of Analysis in Qualitative Research’, in Janice Morse (ed.), Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), pp. 23–41.
Nellis, J.G., McCaffery, K.M. and Hutchinson, R.W. (2000) ‘Strategic Challenges for the European Banking Industry in the New Millennium’, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 18(2), 53–64.
Perry, M. and Bodkin, C. (2000) ‘Content Analysis of 100 Companies Web Sites’, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6(2), 87–97.
Porter, M.E. (1986) ‘Competition in Global Industries: A Conceptual Framework’, in Porter, M.E. (ed.), Competition in Global Industries (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press), pp. 15–60.
Ramachandran, J., Mukherji, S. and Sud, M. (2006) ‘Strategic Entrepreneurship in a Globalising Economy: Evidence from Emerging Economies’, IIMB Management Review, 18(3), 291–302.
Roberts, R. and Arnander, C. (2001) Take Your Partners (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan).
Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (1998) ‘Multinational Enterprises and Public Policy’, Journal of International Business Studies, 29(1), 115–36.
Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2004) ‘A Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Enterprises’, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 3–18.
Sapienza, H.J., Autio, E., Geage, G. and Zahara, S.A. (2006) ‘A Capabilities Perspective on the Effects of Early Internationalisation on Firm Survival and Growth’, Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 914–33.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007) Research Methods for Business Students, 4th edn (Harlow: Pearson Education).
Slager, A. (2005) ‘Internationalisation of Banks: Strategic Patterns and Performance’, SUERF (Vienna: The European Money and Finance Forum).
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd edn (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
Tesch, R. (1990) Qualitative Research: Analysis Types and Software Tools (New York: Flamer).
Tschoegl, A.E. (1983) ‘Size, Growth and Transnationality among the World’s Largest Banks’, Journal of Business, 56(2), 187–201.
Vander Vennet, R. (1996) ‘The Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Efficiency and Profitability of EC Credit Institutions’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 20(November), 1531–58.
Weiss, L. (2005) ‘Global Governance, National Strategies: How Industrialised States Make Room to Move under the WTO’, Review of International Political Economy, 12(5), 723–49.
Westney, E.D. (2006) ‘The Regional Multinationals: MNEs and “Global” Strategic Management’, Journal of International Business Management, 37(3), 445–9.
Williams, B. (1998) ‘Factors Affecting the Performance of foreign-owned Banks in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 22(2), 197–219.
Yang, Y.S., Leone, R.P. and Alden, D.L. (1992) ‘A Market Expansion Ability Approach to Identify Potential Exporters’, Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 84–96.
Yin, R.K. (2003) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3rd edn (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2011 Barry Howcroft, Rehan ul-Haq and Chris Carr
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Howcroft, B., ul-Haq, R., Carr, C. (2011). An Examination of Cross-Border Strategies in Banking. In: Molyneux, P. (eds) Bank Strategy, Governance and Ratings. Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230313866_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230313866_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-33926-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-31386-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)