Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Legal Boundaries and the Use of Migration Technology

  • Chapter
Migration and the New Technological Borders of Europe

Part of the book series: Migration, Minorities and Citizenship ((MMC))

Abstract

What are the legal boundaries in the use of databases and biometrics in border surveillance and migration policy? This chapter aims to reach a better understanding of the standards that are frequently neglected against the backdrop of current developments or whose importance is all too easily trivialized: the right to privacy, the principle of nondiscrimination and two substantive standards relating to data protection law: the purpose limitation principle and the prohibition on automated decision-making.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Algemene Rekenkamer (2007) Lessen uit ICT-projecten bij de overheid Rapport deel A, 29 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beuving, J., J. Heuver and W. van Helden (2006) ‘Etniciteit, profilering en het gelijkheidsbeginsel’, Nederlands Juristenblad, 34: 1492.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boeles, P. (2005) ‘Europese burgers en derdelanders: wat betekent het verbod van discriminatie naar nationaliteit sinds Amsterdam’, SEW, 12: 500–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E. (2007) ‘Van de Schengengrenscode, via Frontex, naar SIS II en VIS. Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in het EU buitengrenzenbeleid’, Migrantenrecht, 6: 232–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E. (2008a) ‘Derdelanders en de “e-grenzen” van de Europese Unie. Differentiatie of discriminatie?’, in A. Böcker, T. Havinga, P. Minderhoud, H. van de Put et al. (eds) Migratierecht en Rechtssociologie, gebundeld in Kees’ studies. Migration Law and Sociology of Law, or Collected Essays in Honour of Kees Groenendijk (Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E. (2008b) Digital Borders and Real Right: Effective Remedies for Third-Country Nationals in the Schengen Information System (Leiden and Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E. (2008c) The Other Side of Moon: The Schengen Information System and Human Rights: A Task for National Courts, CEPS Working Document, no. 288, April (Brussels: CEPS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E. (2009) The EU PNR System and Human Rights: Transferring Passenger Data or Passenger Freedom?, CEPS Working Document, no. 320, September (Brussels: CEPS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, E., P. De Hert and R. Saelens (2007) ‘Ontwerp kaderbesluit derde pijler holt bescherming persoonsgegevens uit’, Privacy and Informatie, 1: 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • CNIL (2004) L’expérimentation de visas biometrique: la position de CNIL. www.cnil.fr.

    Google Scholar 

  • CNIL (2007) Occupation des locaux de la CNIL à Paris. www.neteco.com.

    Google Scholar 

  • Data Protection Authorities (2008) Declaration at their Spring Conference, Rome 17–18 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutch Data Protection Authority (2007) Symposium report, 1 November (The Hague): 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elgesem, D. (1999) ‘The Structure of Rights in Directive 95/46 on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and the Free Movement of Such Data’, Ethics and Information Technology, 1: 283–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enschedé, C. (1974) ‘Het interimrapport-Koopmans: een discussiebijdrage’, Nederlands Juristenblad, 32, 28 September: 1025 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Future Group, The (2007) New Ideas for a Free and Safe Europe: Report for the First Meeting of the Future Group (Eltville, Germany), 20 and 21 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, J. and Rodrigues, P. (2006) ‘Het gebruik van etnische of religieuze profielen bij het voorkomen en opsporen van strafbare feiten die een bedreiging vormen voor de openbare orde en veiligheid’, in J. van Donselaar and P. Rodrigues (eds) Monitor Racisme and Extremisme. Zevende rapportage (Amsterdam: Anne Frank Stichting).

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenendijk, K. (2006a) ‘Citizens and Third Country Nationals: Differential Treatment or Discrimination?’, in J. Carlier and E. Guild, The Future of Free Movement of Persons in the EU (Brussels: Bruylant).

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenendijk, K. (2006b) ‘EG migratierecht en de grenzen bij bestrijding van terrorisme’, Migrantenrecht, 6–7: 231–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groenendijk, K. (2007) ‘The Long-Term Residents Directive, Denizenship and Integration’, in A. Baldaccini, E. Guild and H. Toner (eds) Whose Freedom, Security and Justice? EU Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy (Oxford: Hart Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guild, E. (2005) ‘The Legal Framework: Who is Entitled to Move?’, in D. Bigo and E. Guild, Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement into and within Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hert, P. de, W. Schreurs and E. Brouwer (2007) ‘Machine-Readable Identity Documents with Biometrical Data in the EU: Overview of the Legal Framework and Critical Observations (Parts II, II and IV)’, Keesing Journal of Documents and Identity, 22, 23, 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hert, P. de, W. Schreurs and E. Brouwer (2007) ‘Machine-Readable Identity Documents with Biometrical Data in the EU: Overview of the Legal Framework and Critical Observations (Parts II, II and IV)’, Keesing Journal of Documents and Identity, 22, 23, 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch Ballin, E. (2007) Speech at the symposium of the Dutch Data Protection Authority, 1 November. www.cbpweb.nl/downloads_pb/pb_20071101_speechHirschBallin.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee (2008) A Surveillance Society? Fifth Report of Session 2007–08, vol. II (London: The Stationery Office).

    Google Scholar 

  • Legomsky, S. (2005) ‘The Ethnic and Religious Profiling of Noncitizens: National Security and International Human Rights’, Boston College Third World Law Journal, 25: 161–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lodge, J. (ed.) (2007) Are You Who You Say You Are? The EU and Biometric Borders (Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, E., H. Kummeling and R. Bron (2007) Veiligheid en privacy. Een zoektocht naar een nieuwe balans (The Hague: Boom Juridische uitgevers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prins, C. (2006) ‘Etno-selectie’, Nederlands Juristenblad, 8: 411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid-Drüner, M. (2007) Der Begriff der öffentlichen Sicherheit und Ordnung im Einwanderungsrecht ausgewilhlter EU-Mitgliedstaaten: Status quo und Reformbedarf auf europilischerEbene (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scholten, S. (2008) ‘Verantwoordelijkheden van vervoerders in grenscontrole. Nut en noodzaak van doorgifte van passagiersgegevens’, Privacy and Informatie, 4: 179–83.

    Google Scholar 

Case law

  • Al-Nashif v. Bulgaria, 20 June 2002, no. 50963/99, JV 2002/239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amann v. Switzerland 16 February 2000, no. 27798/95 ECHR 2000-II.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Association for European Integration and Human Rights and Ekimdzhiev v. Bulgaria 28 June 2007, no. 62540/00.

    Google Scholar 

  • C.G. and others v. Bulgaria 24 April 2008, no. 1365/07 ECtHR 2008/79 with note by A. Woltjer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christine Goodwin v. United Kingdom, 11 July 2002, no. 28957/95 (unpublished). Friedl v. Austria, 31 January 1995 (decision of the Court to strike the case from the list, amicable settlement), no. 15225/89, Series A 305B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaskin v. United Kingdom, 7 July 1989, Series A no. 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaygusuz v. Austria, 17 September 1996, no. 17371/90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ĭletmiş s v. Turkey, 6 December 2005, no. 29871/96 (unpublished).

    Google Scholar 

  • Klass v. Germany, 6 September 1978, no. 5029/71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruslin and Huvig v. France, 24 April 1990 (combined cases) nos. 11801/95 and 11105/84, Series A 176 A and B.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leander v. Sweden, 26 March 1987, no. 9248/81, Series A no. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lupker and others v. the Netherlands, Commission decision of 7 December 1992, no. 18395/91, unreported.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lupsa v. Romania, 8 June 2006, no. 10337/04 JV 2006/311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone v. United Kingdom, 2 August 1984, no. 8691/79, Series A 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamatkulov and Abdurasulovic v. Turkey (I), 6 February 2003, no. 46827/99 (unreported).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moustaquim v. Belgium, 18 February 1991, no. 12313/86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck v. United Kingdom, 28 January 2003, no. 44647/98 ECHR 2003-I.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry v. United Kingdom, 17 July 2003, no. 63737/00 ECHR 2003-IX.

    Google Scholar 

  • P.G. and J.H. v. the United Kingdom, 25 September 2001, no. 44787/98 ECHR 2001-IX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotaru v. Romania, 4 May 2000, no. 28341/95 ECHR 2000-V.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segerstedt-Wiberg and others v. Sweden, 6 June 2006, no. 62332/00 ECHR 2006, 89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smirnova v. Russia, 24 July 2003, nos. 46133/99 and 48183/99 ECHR 2003-IX.

    Google Scholar 

  • Z. v. Finland, 25 February 1997, no. 22009/93, Reports 1997-I.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Evelien Brouwer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Scientific Council for Government Policy, The Hague, The Netherlands

    Huub Dijstelbloem

  2. University of Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Albert Meijer

Copyright information

© 2011 Evelien Brouwer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brouwer, E. (2011). Legal Boundaries and the Use of Migration Technology. In: Dijstelbloem, H., Meijer, A. (eds) Migration and the New Technological Borders of Europe. Migration, Minorities and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230299382_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation