Skip to main content

Expanded Borders: Policies and Practices of Preventive Refoulement in Italy

  • Chapter
Book cover The Politics of International Migration Management

Part of the book series: Migration, Minorities and Citizenship ((MMC))

Abstract

On 7 May 2009, the Italian coastguard intercepted 227 migrants on board three different ships crossing the Strait of Sicily and sent them back to Libya while they were still in international waters, and more precisely in the Maltese Search and Rescue Area (SAR).

Although states attempt to choreograph national borders, often in response to global pressures, these state policies have little meaning until they are ‘performed’ by state agents or by border crossers… Border agents and state bureaucrats play a critical role in determining where, how, and on whose body a border will be performed.

(Wonders, 2006, p. 66)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Ambrosini, M. and Marchetti, C. (eds) (2008) Cittadini possibili. Un nuovo approccio all’accoglienza e all’integrazione dei rifugiati, Milano: Franco Angeli.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arendt, H. (1979) The Origins of Totalitarianism, NewYork: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castagnos-Sen, A. (2006) ‘L’Europe protège-t-elle encore les réfugiés ? L’élaboration de normes minimales en matière d’asile’, Fondation Robert Schuman, Questions d’Europe, http://www.robert-schuman.org/supplement/questions_europe31.htm (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cossu, P. M. (2006) ‘Gli accordi di riammissione nel quadro della politica comunitaria’, in Cuttitta, P. and Paleologo, F. V. (eds) Migrazioni, frontiere, diritti, Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the European Union (2002) Appointment of the Migration and Expulsion Working Party as the Responsible Body for Assistance and Consultations to the Commission in Relation to the Negotiation of Readmission Agreements, European Council, Brussels, 13 December 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisp, J. (2004) ‘The Local Integration and Local Settlement of Refugees: A Conceptual and Historical Analysis’, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR Working Paper, n. 102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Custodero, A. (2009) ‘Clandestini riaccompagnati in Libia. Le critiche Onu’, La Repubblica, May 8, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuttitta, P. (2007) Segnali di confine. Il controllo dell’immigrazione nel mondofrontiera, Milano: Mimesis Edizioni.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuttitta, P. (2008) ‘The case of the Italia Southern Sea Borders: Cooperation across the Meidterranean?’, in Pinyol, G. (ed.) Immigration Flows and the Management of the EU’s Southern Maritime Borders, Documentos CIDOB, Migraciones, 17, Barcelona: CIDOB edicions, pp. 45–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delouvin, P. (2003) ‘Europe: vers une externalisation des procédures d’asile?’, Hommes et Migrations (1243): Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Febvre, L. (1980) La terra e l’evoluzione umana, Torino: Einaudi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari, G. (2009) ‘Van Rompuy inizia con l’Italia: “La mia Ue? Vicina e informale”’, L’Avvenire (December 2): 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Bazo, M. T. (2006) ‘The Practice of the Mediterranean States in the Context of the European Union’s Justice and Home Affairs External Dimension. The Safe Third Country Concept Revisited’, International Journal of Refugee Law 18(3–4): 571–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huguenet, S. (2004) Droit de l’asile: le projet britannique d’externalisation, Paris: L’Harmattan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch (2009) Pushed Back, Pushed Around. Italy’s Forced Return of Boat Migrants and Asylum Seekers, Libya’s Mistreatment of Migrants and Asylum Seekers, September 20, http://www.hrw.org/en/node/85582/section/1 (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyndman, J. and Mountz, A. (2008) ‘Another brick in the wall? Neo-refoulement and the externalization of asylum by Australia and Europe’, Government and Opposition 43(2): 249–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Pors, A. (2005) Le droit d’asile, Paris: PUF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löfgren, O. (1999) ‘Crossing Borders. The Nationalization of Anxiety’, Ethnologia Scandinavica 29: 5–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti, C. (2006) Un mondo di rifugiati. Migrazioni forzate e campi profughi, Bologna: EMI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti, C. (2007) ‘Blurring boundaries. “refugee” definitions in policies, law and social discourse in Italy’, Mediterranean Journal of Human Rights 11(2): 71–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlo, A. M. (2009) ‘Parigi rimpatria verso la guerra’, Il Manifesto, Octobre 21, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Interior (2004) Lo stato della sicurezza in Italia, http://www.interno.it/mlninterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/6/20040816172018_10–113-232–21.pdf (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Interior (2005) Lo stato della sicurezza in Italia, http://www.interno.it/minintemo/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/8/20058141464.pdf (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Interior (2006) Note sulla sicurezza in Italia, http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/assets/files/8/2006817111512.pdf (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morice, A. (2004) ‘L’Europe enterre le droit d’asile’, Le Monde Diplomatique March(3): XI, http://www.monde-diplormtique.rr/2004/03/MOmCE/11059.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerantzis, P. (2009) ‘Grecia, il gendarme d’Europa’, Il Manifesto (November 21): 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noll, G. (2003) ‘Visions of the Exceptional: Legal and Theoretical Issues Raised by Transit Processing Centres and Protection Zones’, European Journal of Migration and Law 5: 303–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pastore, F. and Trinchieri, L. (2008) ‘La Libia nel sistema migratorio mediterraneo. Dinamiche di mobilità e risposte politiche’, Mondi Migranti (2): 21–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinyol, G. (ed.) (2008) Immigration Flows and the Management of the EU’s Southern Maritime Borders, Documentos CIDOB, Migraciones, 17, Barcelona: CIDOB edicions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salter, M. B. (2007) ‘We are all exiles: implications of the border as state of exception’, Working Paper, presented at the Conference Contemporary insecurites and the politics of exception Standing Group on International Relations (Turin, Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sciurba, A. (2009) Campi di forza. Percorsi confmati di migranti in Europa, Verona: Ombre Corte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, L. (2009) ‘Dublino II e Eurodac: Esame delle conseguenze (in)attese’, Mondi Migranti (3): 37–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprar (2009) Rapporta annuale del Sistema di protezione per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati. Anno 2008/2009, Roma: Servizio Centrale del Sistema di Protezione per Richiedenti Asilo e Rifugiati.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trauner, F. and Kruse, I. (2008) EC Visa Facilitation and Readmission Agreements: Implementing a New EU Security Approach in the Neighbourhood, CEPS Working Document No. 290/April 2008, http://www.libertysecurity.org/article2034.html (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNHCR (2004) Guidelines on International Protection No. 4: ‘Internal Flight or Relocation Alternative’ within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, (HCR/GIP/03/04), http://www.unhcr.org/3f28d5cd4.html (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNHCR (2009a) 2008 Global Trends: Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees, Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons, June 2009, http://www.unhcr.org/4a375c426.html (accessed 10 December 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNHCR (2009b) Refugee protection and international migration: a review of UNHCR’s operational role in southern Italy (eds Vicky Tennant, Jane Janz), PDES/2009/05, September 2009, Policy Development and Evaluation Service (PDES).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wonders, N. A. (2006) ‘Global Flows, Semi-Permeable Borders and New Channels of Inequality: Border Crossers and Border Performativity’, in S. Pickering and L. Weber (eds) Borders, Mobility and Technologies of Control, Amsterdam: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zatterin, M. (2009) ‘Nel canale di Sicilia 415 morti’, La Stampa (September 4): p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zetter, R. (2007) ‘More Labels, Fewer Refugees: Remaking the Refugee Label in an Era of Globalization’, Journal of Refugee Studies 20(2): 172–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zetter, R. (2009) ‘La securitizzazione nelle politiche dei rifugiati e dell’asilo in Europa’, Mondi Migranti (3): 7–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zolberg, A. (1983) ‘The Formation of New States As a Refugee-Generating Process’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 467 (May 1983): 24–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2010 Chiara Marchetti

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marchetti, C. (2010). Expanded Borders: Policies and Practices of Preventive Refoulement in Italy. In: Geiger, M., Pécoud, A. (eds) The Politics of International Migration Management. Migration, Minorities and Citizenship. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294882_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics