Skip to main content

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

The crisis that overtook the world economy in 2007–9 intersected a long-term process of global reconfiguration that is marked by declining US power. Concurrently, this is taking place during a process of global climate change that presents potentially cataclysmic consequences for small island states. Caribbean societies1 are vulnerable to both of these global developments and challenged in their capacity to adapt to them. Political fragmentation and a ‘dependency syndrome’ combined with limitations of size have resulted in a pattern of reactive rather than strategic decision making and a tendency to seek solutions through alignment with extra-regional powers. Regional cooperation represents one means by which Caribbean societies can secure a greater measure of autonomy vis-à-vis the wider world. However, Caribbean regionalism contends with a formidable legacy of geography, history and geopolitics and as such, remains an elusive goal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALBA (2009) ‘What is ALBA?’ The Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of the Americas. Available at http://www.alternativabolivariana.org/pdf/alba_mice_en.pdf.

  • Associated Press (2009) ‘Fired financial regulator arrested in Stanford case – Billionaire pleads not guilty in Houston court’, The Jamaica Gleaner, 26 June. Available at http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20090626/business/business6.html.

  • Bradshaw, Maria (2009) ‘PM’s Count’, Nation News, 28 June. Available at http://www.nationnews.com/news/local/only-four-guaynese-deported-FRONT-PAGE-LEAD.

  • Brewster, Havelock R., Thomas Dolan, and Taimoon Stewart (2002) ‘Implementation of the Caribbean Single Market Economy’, World Bank: Caribbean Country Management Union, Latin America and Caribbean Region. Available at http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/brewster-implementation-of-csme.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caribbean Centre for Money and Finance (2009) Caribbean Economic Performance Report on the CARICOM Region, June 2009: 1–3. Available at http://www.ccmf-uwi.org/files/publications/economic_report/cepr_2009-06.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Caribbean Press Releases (2009) ‘Caribbean GDP will fall 1.2% in 2009, says ECLAC’, Caribbean Press Releases.com, 28 July. Available at http://www.caribbeanpressreleases.com/articles/5353/1/Caribbean-GDP-Will-Fall-12-in-2009-Says-ECLAC/Page1.html.

  • CARICOM (2008) CARICOM’s Trade – A Quick Reference to Some Summary Data: 2001–2006, Caribbean Community Secretariat: Statistics Sub-Programme. Available at http://caricomstats.org/caricomtrade_quick_ref_2001_2006.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • CARICOM Secretariat (2005) CARICOM: Our Caribbean Community, An Introduction. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, Andrew F. and Agata Antkiewicz (eds), (2008) Emerging Powers in Global Governance: Lessons from the Heiligendamm Process, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, Andrew F. and Jorge Heine (eds), (2009) Which Way Latin America: Hemispheric Politics Meets Globalization, Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cricinfo Staff (2009) ‘Handcuffed Stanford Pleads not Guilty’, Cricinfo.com, 25 June. Available at http://www.cricinfo.com/westindies/content/story/410506.html.

  • ECLAC (2003) Caribbean Tourism, Trends Policies and Impact, 1985–2002, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 10 December. Available at http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/4/14504/G0765.pdf.

  • ECLAC (2004) ‘The Key Role of Regional and Sub-Regional Spaces’, in Productive Development in Open Economies. Available at http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/2/15082/DGI-2234-Chapter12.pdf.

  • Economic Commission of Latin America and the Caribbean (2009) Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean, ECLAC Briefing Paper 2008-2009. Available at http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/5/36465/2009-254-EEI-2009-Lanzamiento-WEB.pdf.

  • El Universal (2009) ‘US-Colombia Pact Debated at UNASUR Summit’, El Universal, 24 August. Available at, http://english.eluniversal.com/2009/08/28/en_ing_esp_us-colombia-pact-deb_28A2673367.shtml.

  • Foster, Patrick (2009) ‘Unions Propose Stimulus Plan’, The Jamaica Observer, 1 September. Available at, http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/158659_Unions-propose-stimulus-plan.

  • Georgetown Communiqué (2009) ‘Communiqué Issued at the Conclusion of the

    Google Scholar 

  • Thirtieth Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community, 2–5 July 2009, Georgetown, Guyana’, CARICOM Secretariat, 4 July. Available at http://caricom.org/jsp/communications/communiques/30hgc_2009_communique.jsp.

  • Girvan, Norman (2005) ‘Whither CSME?’, Journal of Caribbean International Relations, No. 1 (April), pp. 13–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girvan, Norman (2006) ‘Towards a Single Economy and a Single Development Vision’, A Report for the CARICOM Secretariat and the Special Task Force on the Single Economy, 25 October. Available at http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/donor_conference_agriculture/towards_single_economy_girvan.pdf.

  • Girvan, Norman (2008a) ‘ALBA, Petrocaribe and CARICOM: Issues in a new dynamic’, NormanGirvan.info. Available at http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/alba-petrocaribe-and-caricom.pdf.

  • Girvan, Norman (2008b) ‘Caribbean Integration and Global Europe: Implications of the EPA for CSME’, NormanGirvan.info, 18 August. Available at http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/caribbean-integration-and-global-europe-18aug08.pdf.

  • Girvan, Norman (2009) ‘The CLF Financial Debacle: Big Companies Should not be Allowed to Run Small Countries’, NormanGirvan.info, 6 February. Available at http://www.normangirvan.info/the-cl-financial-debacle-big-companies-should-not-run-small-countries-by-norman-girvan/.

  • Hattingh, Shawn (2008) ‘ALBA: Creating a Regional Alternative to Neo-Liberalism?’, VenezuelaAnalysis.com, 13 February. Available at http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/3154.

  • Heine, Jorge (2009) ‘A Case of Missed Opportunity’, The Hindu, 23 December. Available at http://www.thehindu.com/2009/12/23/stories/2009122354720800.html.

  • Helps, Horace (2009) ‘Jamaica to Cut Spending 20 Percent Ahead of IMF Loan’, CaribbeanNetNews, 22 August. Available at http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-18381%E2%80%949-9%E2%80%94.html.

  • International Monetary Fund (2009a) IMF’s World Economic Outlook: Crisis and Recovery, IMF World Economic and Financial Surveys, April. Available at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/pdf/text.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Monetary Fund (2009b) ‘Contractionary Forces Receding but Weak Recovery Ahead’, World Economic Outlook UPDATE, 8 July. Available at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/update/02/pdf/0709.pdf.

  • Jamaica Observer (2009) ‘Bird Wants Amnesty for Illegal Antigua Immigrants’, The Jamaica Observer, 2 June. Available at http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/152681_Bird-wants-amnesty-for-illegal-Antigua-immigrants.

  • Jamaica Observer (2010) ‘Mixed Fortunes for Caribbean Economies in 2009, says New Report’, The Jamaica Observer, 1 January. Available at http://www.jamaicaobserver/.com/business/Caribbean-story_7293983.

  • Jessen, Anneke and Christopher Vignoles (2005) CARICOM Report No. 2, Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, August. Available at http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum%5BH11005%5D806973.

  • Joint Declaration (2008) Joint Declaration on Collaboration towards the Achievement of the Single Economy and Political Integration among Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, August. Available at http://www.normangirvan.info/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/joint-declaration-140808.pdf.

  • Latin American Information Agency (2009) ‘Declaration of the Indigineous Peoples’, World Social Forum 2009, Brazil, 12 October. Available at, http://alainet.org/active/28734.

  • Lewis, Vaughn A. (2006) ‘Managing Mature Regionalism: Regional Governance in the Caribbean Community’, Report of the Technical Working Group on Governance Appointed by CARICOM Heads of Government, October. Available at http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/twg_governance_report.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Vaughn A. (2009) Presentation to the CARICOM Heads of State and Government on the Report of the Task Force on the Trinidad & Tobago-Eastern Caribbean States Integration Initiative, 24 May. Available at http://foreign.gov.tt/media/introduction/LEWIS%20-%20PRESENTATION%20TO%20THE%20CARICOM%20HEADS2.pdf?ttmfa_session_id%5BH11005%5D4449e1706290f3affe4090754619dc74.

  • Macdonald, Laura and Arne Ruckert (2009) Post-Neoliberalism in the Americas, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Neptune, Peter D. (2009) ‘CLICO too Big to Fail says Finance Minister’, Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, 15 August. Available at http://guardian.co.tt/business/business/2009/08/15/clico-too-big-fail-says-finance-minister.

  • OECS Secretariat (2008) ‘OECS agree to Trinidad and Tobago Membership’, St Lucia: Government Information Services, 15 September. Available at http://www.stlucia.gov/.lc/pr2008/september/oecs_agree_to_trinidad_and_tobago_membership.htm.

  • Office of the President of Guyana (2009) ‘President Jagdeo Slams Rhetoric of

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbadian PM’, Office of the President of the Republic of Guyana, 2 July. Available at http://opnew.op.gov.gy/index.php?option%5BH11005%5Dcom_content&view%5BH11005%5Darticle&id%5BH11005%5D610: president-jagdeo-slams-rhetoric-of-barbadian-pm.

  • Osava, Mario (2008) ‘Latin America: Summit Marks Distance from US’, Inter Press Service, 17 December. Available at, http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews%5BH11005%5D45153.

  • Pearson, Tamara (2009) ‘Venzuela and ALBA Promote ‘New Climate’ in Summit of the Americas’, Venezuela Analysis, 21 April. Available at http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/news/4382.

  • Pilgrim, Clarence E. (2009) ‘Economic Task Force – Another CARICOM Step in the Right Direction’, KaieteurNews Online, 8 February. Available at http://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2009/02/08/economic-task-force-another-caricom-step-in-the-right-direction/.

  • Ramirez, Rafael (2009) Petrocaribe produjo ahorro de 1.400 millones de dolares. Venezuela: Prensa Presidencial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramjeet, Oscar (2009) ‘St Vincent Prime Minister lashes out at Barbados Immigration Policy’, Caribbean-American Forum, 16 May. Available at http://www.caribbeanamericanforum.com/?p%5BH11005%5D919.

  • Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (2001) Revised Treaty of Chaguramas Establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy. Available at http://www.worldtradelaw.net/fta/agreements/caricomrevisedfta.pdf.

  • Rosehall Declaration (2003) The Rosehall Declaration on ‘Regional Governance and Integrated Development’, CARICOM Secretariat, 2–5 July. Available at http://www.caricom.org/jsp/communications/meetings_statements/rose_hall_declaration. jsp?menu[H11005]communications.

  • Spencer, W. Baldwin (2009) ‘PM Spencer’s Address to the Nation on Receipt of US$50 Million from Venezuela’, The Official Website of the Government of Antigua and Barbuda, 13 August. Available at http://www.ab.gov.ag/gov_v2/government/speeches/2009/speech_2009aug13_id2.html.

  • Stabroek Staff (2009) ‘Guyanese are Being Raided in Barbados’, Stabroek News, 17 June. Available at http://www.stabroeknews.com/2009/news/local/06/17/guyanese-are-being-raided-in-barbados/.

  • Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community (1973) 4 July. Available at http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/original_treaty-text.pdf.

  • Trinidad and Tobago News Blog (2009) ‘Government to Bailout CLICO’, Trinidad and Tobago News, 30 January. Available at http://www.trinidadandtobagonews.com/blog/?p%5BH11005%5D924.

  • VenWorld (2008) ‘Venezuela and ALBA Create Food Security Fund’, Venezuela World, 23 April. Available at http://venworld.wordpress.com/2008/04/23/venezuela-and-alba-create-food-security-fund/.

  • World Bank (2008) Gross Domestic Product 2008, World Bank Development Indicators Database. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/ Resources/GDP.pdf.

  • Xinhua (2009) ‘BRIC Makes Formal Debut with First Summit Meeting’, People’s Daily, 15 June. Available at http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90856/6678396.html.

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2010 Norman Girvan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Girvan, N. (2010). The Caribbean in a Turbulent World. In: Mace, G., Cooper, A.F., Shaw, T.M. (eds) Inter-American Cooperation at a Crossroads. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294837_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics