The Regions of Poland

Abstract

Poland is a unitary, decentralized state, in which the decentralization process is still under way. The territorial administrative system has varied over time; however, traditions of ‘self-government’ have deep historical roots. Poland is a territorially differentiated state, although this differentiation (in terms of GDP per inhabitant) is not greater than that in other European countries of a similar size. Regional differentiation, however, been growing more rapidly during the last 15 years than in West European countries; a process also witnessed in other post-socialist countries. Polish society displays a low level of regional identification, although the regional differences in values and attitudes are clearly visible. Historical factors are of the greatest importance in explaining these differences. Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU) opened up new possibilities for the development of the entire country as well as its regions. Following decentralization, Polish territorial units will enjoy a relatively high degree of autonomy in taking advantage of the funds channeled to Poland by the EU and in building upon international economic cooperation.