Abstract
When war broke out on 1 September 1939, it came as no surprise to ordinary German people. For years prior to its outbreak, Hitler had repeatedly stated that in order for Germans to assume their natural position as world leaders, the nation would need more living space, with access to more agricultural land and natural resources. To this end, the Nazi Party had focused on preparing the nation for war from the moment they came to power in 1933.1 Germany’s defeat in the First World War, the Nazis alleged, was caused by the so-called ‘Stab in the Back’ by Jews, who had undermined morale on the home front. With this in mind, the Party sought to create a unified nation committed to Germany’s success in war. This they set out to achieve in two ways: firstly by mobilizing the minds of the German population to their cause, and secondly by suppressing any independent thoughts or actions that ran counter to the realization of their goals.2
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Jürgen Engert, Heimatfront. Kriegsalltag im Deutschland 1939–1945 (Berlin, 1999) pp.14, 118–23;
Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power (London, 2005) pp.359, 705;
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See Mark Roseman, ed., Generations in Conflict (Cambridge, 2005).
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quoted in Heinz Boberach, ed., Meldungen aus dem Reich. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS 1938–1945 (Band 14, Herrsching, 1984) p.5457;
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For more detailed discussion on Jewish family life under the Nazis, see Marion Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair. Jewish Life in Nazi Germany (Oxford, 1999) and Pine, Nazi Family Policy, pp.147–78.
Günter Grau, Hidden Holocaust? Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany 1933–45 (London, 1995) p.5.
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Helmut Schelsky, ‘The Family in Germany’, p.331; Peukert, Volksgenossen und Gemeinschaftsfremde, p.232; Ulrich Herbert, ‘Die guten und die schlechten Zeiten. Überlegungen zur diachronen Analyse lebensgeschichtliche Interviews’ in Lutz Niethammer, ed., ‘Die Jahre weiss man nicht, wo man die heute hinsetzen sol.’ Lebensgeschichte und Sozialkultur im Ruhrgebiet 1930–1960 Vol I (Berlin, 1983) p.88.
Gellately, The Gestapo and German Society, p.130; Fitzpatrick and Lüdtke, ‘Energizing the Everyday’, p.299; Mark Roseman, ‘World War II and Social Change in Germany’, in Arthur Marwick, Clive Emsley and Wendy Simpson, eds, Total War and Historical Change: Europe 1914–1955 (Philadelphia, 2001) p.246; Herbert, ‘Die guten und die schlechten Zeiten’, p.88.
Moeller, Protecting Motherhood, p.6; See also Gellately, ‘Die Gestapo und die deutsche Gesellschaft: Zur Entstehungsgeschichte einer selbstüberwachenden Gesellschaft’ in Detlef Schmiechen-Ackermann, ed., Anpassung, Verweigerung, Widerstand: Soziale Milieus, Politische Kultur und der Widerstand gegen den NS in Deutschland im regionalen Verleich (Berlin, 1997) pp.109–21.
William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary. The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941 (New York, 1942) pp.153, 162.
Berndt Engelmann, In Hitler’s Germany: Everyday Life in the Third Reich (New York, 1986) p.170.
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© 2010 Hester Vaizey
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Vaizey, H. (2010). Family Life under National Socialism. In: Surviving Hitler’s War. Genders and Sexualities in History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230289901_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230289901_2
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