Abstract
In 1894, future United States president Theodore Roosevelt waxed lyrical over the unprecedented opportunities available to ‘the ordinary man of adventurous tastes’ in the late nineteenth century. ‘At no period of the world’s history’, he wrote, ‘has life been so full of interest and of the possibilities of excitement and enjoyment’. He noted in particular the possibilities of global travel: ‘Never before … have there been such opportunities … in the way of building new commonwealths, exploring new countries, conquering kingdoms …’ Man was now better off beyond measure than his forefathers: ‘He can travel round the world; he can dwell in any country he wishes; he can explore strange regions … he can take part in a campaign here and there.’1
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Notes
Theodore Roosevelt (1897) ‘National Life and Character’ in American Ideals and Other Essays Social and Political (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons), pp. 273–275.
Elmer Sandmeyer (1991) The Anti-Chinese Movement in California (Urbana: University of Illinois Press), pp. 78–79.
Patrick Manning (2005) Migration in World History (New York and London: Routledge), p. 149.
Adam McKeown (2001) Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change: Peru, Chicago, Hawaii, 1900–1936 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Uday Singh Mehta (1999) Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press);
Ann Curthoys (2003) ‘Liberalism and Exclusionism: A Prehistory of the White Australia Policy’ in Laksiri Jayasuriya, David Walker and Jan Gothard (eds) Legacies of White Australia: Race, Culture and Nation (Crawley: University of Western Australia Press).
Marilyn Lake and Henry Reynolds (2007) Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men’s Countries and the International Challenge of Racial Equality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
‘Viator’ (1908) ‘Asia Contra Mundum’ Fortnightly Review [FR], p. 200.
Lowe Kong Meng, Cheok Hong Cheong and Louis Ah Moy (1879) The Chinese Question in Australia (Melbourne: F.F. Bailliere), pp. 5, 30, 12.
Geoffrey A. Oddie (1959) The Chinese in Victoria, 1870–1890. MA thesis, University of Melbourne, pp. 28–34.
T.W.H. Leavitt (1887) Australian Representative Men (Melbourne: Wells and Leavitt), p. 49.
John Wisker (1879) ‘The Coloured man in Australia’ FR, 1 July, 82.
Ann Curthoys (2001) “Chineseness” and Australian Identity’ in Henry Chan, Ann Curthoys and Nora Chang (eds) The Overseas Chinese in Australasia Histoty, Settlement and Interactions (Taipei: Interdisciplinary Group for Australasian Studies and Centre for the Study of the Chinese Southern Diaspora), p. 17.
Richard Broome (2005) Aboriginal Victorians (Sydney: Allen and Unwin), p. 97.
Yen Ching-Hwang (1985) Coolies and Mandarins: China’s Protection of Overseas Chinese during the Late Ch’ing Period (1851–1911) (Singapore: Singapore University Press), ch. 1.
Michael Godley (1992) ‘China’s Policy Towards Migrants, 1842–1949’ in C. Inglis, S. Gunasekaran, G. Sullivan and C. Wu (eds) Asians in Australia: The Dynamics of Migration and Settlement (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), p. 3.
John Fitzgerald (2004) ‘Advance Australia Fairly: Australian Voices at Federation’ in Sophie Couchman, John Fitzgerald and Paul McGregor (eds) After the Rush: Regulation, Participation and Chinese Communities in Australia 1860–1940. Special Issue Otherland Literary Journal, December, p. 69;
John Fitzgerald (2006) ‘Introduction’ in Chien Yung-Xiang and John Fitzgerald (eds) The Dignity of Nations: Equality, Competition and Honor in East Asian Nationalism (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press).
C.Y. Choi (1971) Chinese Migration and Settlement in Australia with special reference to the Chinese in Melbourne. PhD thesis, Australian National University, pp. 40–41.
Lowe Kong Meng (1856–1857) Minutes of Evidence, Report of the Select Committee on Chinese Immigration, Legislative Council, Victorian Papers & Proceedings, p. 11.
Petition to Wong Yung Ho and U. Tsung from Lowe Kong Meng et al. (1888) Enclosure, Chinese Imperial Commissioners to Governor of Victoria, 13 June 1887 Select Committee on Chinese Immigration, pp. 6–7; see also Oddie The Chinese in Victoria, pp. 50–52 and John Fitzgerald ‘Advance Australia Fairly’, pp. 66–67.
Myra Willard (1968) History of the White Australia Policy to 1920 [reprint] (New York: Augustus M. Kelley), pp. 84–87;
Charles Price (1974) The Great White Walls Are Built: Restrictive Immigration to North America and Australasia 1836–1888 (Canberra: ANU Press);
Andrew Markus (1979) Fear and Hatred: Purifying Australia and California 1850–1901 (Sydney: Hale and Iremonger), pp. 143–144.
See Michael Williams ‘Would This Not Help Your Federation?’ in Couchman et al. (eds) After the Rush, pp. 37–38; John Fitzgerald (2006) ‘Transnational Networks and National Identities in the Australian Commonwealth: The Chinese Australian Kuomintang, 1923–1937’ Australian Historical Studies 127, April, 95–116.
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© 2010 Marilyn Lake
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Lake, M. (2010). Lowe Kong Meng Appeals to International Law: Transnational Lives Caught Between Empire and Nation. In: Deacon, D., Russell, P., Woollacott, A. (eds) Transnational Lives. The Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230277472_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230277472_18
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