Abstract
As the German Count of Nassau, William of Orange (1533–84) inherited vast possessions in the Netherlands and the Princedom of Orange in France. He was the initiator of the struggle for independence from Spain. The Revolt of the Netherlands began in 1568, and by the Union of Utrecht the more easily defensible seven provinces of the North—Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Overijssel, Groningen, Drenthe and Friesland—declared themselves independent. At the end of the Thirty Years War, by the Treaty of Westphalia (1648), Spain recognized the Republic of the United Netherlands. Members of the Orange-Nassau family became in succession the ‘first servant of the Republic’ with the title of ‘Stadhouder’ (governor). In 1689 Willem III acceded to the throne of England, becoming joint sovereign with his wife Mary. Willem III died in 1702 without issue, and there was no stadhouder until a member of the Frisian branch of Orange-Nassau was nominated hereditary stadhouder in 1747. However, his successor, Willem V, had to take refuge in England in 1795 when the French Army invaded. The country was freed from French domination in Nov. 1813.
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Further Reading
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. Statistical Yearbook of the Netherlands. From 1923/24.
—Statistisch Jaarboek. From 1899/1924.
—Select (Statistical Essays). From 1980.
—Statistisch Bulletin. From 1945; weekly.
—Maandschrift. From 1944; monthly bulletin.
—90 Jaren Statistiek in Tijdreeksen (historical series of the Netherlands 1899–1989)
Nationale Rekeningen (National Accounts). From 1948–50.—Statistische onderzoekingen. From 1977.—Regionaal Statistisch Zakboek (Regional Pocket Yearbook). From 1972.—Environmental Statistics of the Netherlands, 1987
Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Annual. The Hague, from 1814 Staatshlad can het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. The Hague, from 1814
Staatscourant (Slate Gazette). The Hague, from 1813
Anderweg, R. B. and Irwin, G. A., Dutch Government and Politics. London, 1993
Cox, R. H., The Development of the Dutch Welfare State: from Workers’ Insurance to Universal Entitlement. Pittsburgh Univ. Press, 1994
Gladdish, K., Governing from the Centre: Politics and Policy-Making in the Netherlands. London, 1991
King, P. K. and Wintle, M., The Netherlands. [Bibliography] Oxford and Santa Barbara (CA), 1988
National library: De Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Prinz Willem Alexanderhof 5, The Hague. National statistical office: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics, POB 959,2270 AZ Voorburg.
Website: Statistics Netherlands http://www.cbs.nl
Schoenhals, K., Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. [Bibliography] Oxford and Santa Barbara (CA), 1993
Central Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Yearbook of the Netherlands Antilles
Bank of the Netherlands Antilles. Annual Report.
Schoenhals, K., Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. [Bibliography] Oxford and Santa Barbara (CA), 1993
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© 1999 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Turner, B. (1999). The Netherlands. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook 2000. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230271289_198
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230271289_198
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