Abstract
The Congo Independent State has succeeded to the Congo International Association, founded in 1882 by Leopold II., King of the Belgians. That Association, having obtained the recognition of its sovereignty by treaties in 1884 and 1885 with most of the European nations and the United States of America, adhered, February 26, 1885, to the resolutions of the Congress of Berlin. These resolutions, collected in a “General Act,” establish freedom of trade in the basin of the Congo, and declare absolutely free the navigation of the Congo, its tributaries, and the lakes and canals connected with it ; they lay down rules for the protection of the natives and the suppression of the slave trade, and impose on the Powers which signed the Act the obligation to accept the mediation of one or more friendly governments should any serious dispute occur concerning the territories of the conventional basin of the Congo. An International Conference at Brussels in 1890 authorised the Government of the Independent State to levy certain duties on imports.
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Books of Reference concerning the Congo State
1. Official
Anglo-Congolese Convention of May 12, 1894.
Annales du Musée du Congo (Fauna, Flora, Ethnography, Anthropology) Bruxelles, 1898, &c.
Bulletin officiel de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo. Report of Commission of Inquiry in Bulletin Officiel for Sept.–Oet., 1905. Report to the Sovereign, and various Decrees of June 3, 1906, in Bulletin Officiel for June, 1906. [Circulars and Instructions concerning Decrees of June 3 in Bulletin Officiel for July–Oct., 1906.
Convention between Her Majesty and the King of the Belgians in the name of the International Association of the Congo. London, 1885.
Correspondence with Her Majesty’s Ambassador at Berlin respecting West African Conference. London, 1885.
Franco-Congolese Convention of August 14, 1894.
General Act of the Conference held at Brussels in 1890.
Protocols and General Act of the West African Conference. London, 1885.
L’Etat Indépendant du Congo. Documents sur le Pays et ses Habitants. Brussels. Six illustrated books have already been published.
Despatch to certain of His Majesty’s representatives abroad in regard to alleged cases of ill-treatment of natives, and to the existence of trade monopolies in the Independent State of the Congo. London, 1903.
Correspondence, and Report from His Majesty’s Consul at Boma, respecting the administration of the Independent State of the Congo. London, 1904.—Further Corres¬pondence, 1905, and 1906.
2. Unofficial
Bailey (H.), Travel and Adventure in the Congo Free Stale, London, 1894.
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Blanchard (G.), Formation et Constitution Politique de l’Etat Independant du Congo. Paris, 1899.
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Bula N’Zau.—Travel and Adventures in the Congo Free State. 8. London, 1894
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Burdo (A.), Les Belges dans l’Afrique centrale. 6 vols. 4. Brussels. 1891.
Burrows (G.), The Land of the Pigmies. London, 1899.
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Hinde (S. L.), The Fall of the Congo Arabs. London 1897.
Jeannest, Quatre années au Congo. Brussels, 1889.
The Colonisation of Africa. Cambridge, 1899.
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Keltie (J. Scott), The Partition of Africa. 2nd Edition. London, 1895.
La Belgique Coloniale. Brussels, weekly.
La Tribune Congolaise. Antwerp, weekly.
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Mille (P.), Au Congo Belge. Paris, 1809.
Morel (E. D.), Affairs of West Africa. London. 1902.—King Leopold’s Rule in Africa. London, 1904.—Red Rubber. With Introduction by Sir H. Johnston. London, 1906.
Ortroy (F. Van), Conventions Internationales concernant l’Afrique. Brussels, 1898.
Pechuel-Loesche (Dr.), Kongoland. Jena, 1887.
Picard (E.), En Congohe. Bruxelles, 1897.
Pierantoni (R.), Le Congres de Berlin et l’Etat Independant du Congo. Bruxelles, 1901.
Poskin (A.), Bilans Congolais. Bruxelles, 1900.
Reclus (E.), Nouvelle géographie universelle. Vol. XIII. Paris, 1888.
Stanley (H. M.), The Congo and the Founding of its Free State. 2 vols. London, 1885.
Stanley (H. M.), Through the Dark Continent. 2 vols. London, 1878.
The Truth about the Civilisation in Congoland. By A Belgian. London, 1903.
Trouet (L.), Le Chemin de Ferdu Congo. Brussels, 1898.
Van Mocsel, Etude sur la législature de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo.
Ward (H.), Five Years with the Congo Cannibals. London, 1890.
Wauters (A. J.), L’Etat Independant du Congo. Brussels, 1899.—Bibliographie du Congo (1880–95). Brussels, 1896.—De Bruxelles à Karema. Bruxelles, 1901.
White (A. Silva), The Development of Africa. London, 1890.
Wildeman (F., de). Les Plantes Tropicales de Grande Culture. Bruxelles, 1902.
Wildeman (É. de), et Gentil (L.), Lianes caoutchoutifères de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo. Brussels, 1903.
Wissmann (H.), Im Innern Afrikas. Berlin. 1888.
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Keltie, J.S. (1907). Congo Independent State. In: Keltie, J.S. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270367_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270367_17
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