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Congo Independent State

Constitution and Government

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The Statesman’s Year-Book

Part of the book series: The Statesman’s Yearbook ((SYBK))

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Abstract

The Congo Independent State was constituted and defined by the General Act of the International Conference, signed at Berlin February 26, 1885, by which it was declared neutral and free to the trade of all nations, in conjunction with the rest of the basin of the River Congo. The Powers reserved to themselves, until the end of a period of twenty years, the right of deciding if freedom of entry shall be maintained or not. But an International Conference, which met at Brussels in 1890, authorised the Government of the Independent State to levy certain duties on imports. The Congo Independent State was placed under the sovereignty of the King of the Belgians individually ; but by will dated August 2, 1889, the King bequeathed to Belgium all his sovereign rights in the State. On July 31, 1890, the territories of the State were declared inalienable, and a Convention of July 3, 1890, between Belgium and the Independent State, reserved to the former the right of annexing the latter after a period of ten years.

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Books of Reference concerning the Congo State

1. Official

  • Bulletin officiel de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo.

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  • Convention between Her Majesty and the King of the Belgians in the name of the International Association of the Congo. London, 1885.

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  • Correspondence with Her Majesty’s Ambassador at Berlin respecting West African Conference. London, 1885.

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  • L’Etat Independent du Congo à l’Exposition de Bruxelles. Bruxelles, 1897.

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  • Protocols and General Act of the West African Conference. London, 1885.

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2. Unofficial

  • Alexis(M. G.), Le Congo Belge. Brussels. 1888.

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  • Bailey (H.), Travel and Adventure in the Congo Free State. London, 1894.

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  • Bentley (Rev. W. H.), Life on the Congo. London, 1887.

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  • Blanchard (G.), Formation et Constitution Politique de l’Etat Independant du Congo. Paris, 1899.

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  • Boulger (D. C), The Congo State. London, 1898.

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  • Bula N’Zau.—Travel and Adventures in the Congo Free State. 8. London, 1884.

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  • Buls (C),Croquis Congolais. Bruxelles, 1899.

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  • Burdo (A.), Les Belges dans l’Afrique centrale. 6 vols. 4. Brussels. 1891.

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  • Burrows (G.), The Land of the Pigmies. London, 1899.

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  • Cattier (M.), Droit et Administration de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo. Bruxelles, 1898.

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  • Chapaux (A.). Le Congo historique, diplomatique et colonial. Bruxelles, 1894.

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  • Glave (E. G.), Six Years of Adventure in Congoland. 8. London, 1893.

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  • Godelieve (Marie),Six ans au Congo. Bruxelles, 1898.

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  • Hinde (S. L.), The Fall of the Congo Arabs. London, 1897.

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  • Jeannent. Quatre années au Congo. Brussels, 1889.

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  • The Colonisation of Africa. Cambridge, 1899.

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  • Johnston (Sir H. H.), The River Congo. London, 1895.

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  • Keltie (J. Scott), The Partition of Africa. 2nd Edition. London, 1895

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  • Le Congo Illustré. Bruxelles, 1892–95.

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  • Le Maire (C. F. A.), Congo et Belgique. 4. Bruxelles, 1894. Au Congo, comment les noirs travaillent. Bruxelles, 1895.

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  • Le Mouvement Geographique. Brussels, weekly.

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  • Lloyd (A. B.), In Dwarf and Cannibal Country. London, 1899.

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  • Mille (P.), Au Congo Belge. Paris, 1899.

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  • Pechnel-Loesche (Dr.), Kongoland. Jena, 1887.

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  • Picard (E.), En Cohgohe. Bruxelles. 1897.

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  • Beclus (E.), Nouvelle géographie universelle. Vol. XIII. Paris, 1888.

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  • Stanley (H. M.), The Congo and the Founding of its Free State. 2 vols. London 1885.

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  • Stanley (H. M.), Through the Dark Continent. 2 vols. London, 1878.

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  • Thys (Capt.), Au Congo et au Kassasi. Brussels, 1888.

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  • Trouet (L.), Le Chemin de Ferdu Congo. Brussels, 1898.

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  • Van Moeiel, Etude sur la législature de l’Etat Indépendant du Congo.

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  • Ward (H.), Five Tears with the Congo Cannibals, London, 1890.

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  • Wauters (A. J), L Etat Independant du Congo. Brussels, 1899.—Bibliographie du Congo (1880–95). Brussels, 1896.

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  • White (A. Silva), The Development of Africa. London, 1890.

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  • Wiidemann (E. de) and others, Etat Independant du Congo. Annales du Musée du Congo. Series I. and II. (Fauna and Flora). Bruxelles, 1898.

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  • Wissmann (H.), Im Innern Afrikas. Berlin, 1888

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Royal Geographical Society, UK

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  2. The Geographical Societies, Paris, France

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  3. The Geographical Societies, Berlin, Germany

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  4. The Geographical Societies, Rome, Italy

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  5. The Geographical Societies, Lisbon, Portugal

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  6. The Geographical Societies, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  7. The Geographical Societies, Brussels, Belgium

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  8. The Geographical Societies, Buda-Pest, Hungary

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  9. The Geographical Societies, Geneva, Switzerland

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  10. The Geographical Societies, Neuchatel, Switzerland

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  11. The Geographical Societies, Philadelphia, USA

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  12. The Commercial Geographical Society, Paris, France

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

Authors
  1. J. Scott Keltie LL.D.
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Royal Geographical Society, UK

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  2. The Geographical Societies, Paris, France

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  3. The Geographical Societies, Berlin, Germany

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  4. The Geographical Societies, Rome, Italy

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  5. The Geographical Societies, Lisbon, Portugal

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  6. The Geographical Societies, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  7. The Geographical Societies, Brussels, Belgium

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  8. The Geographical Societies, Buda-Pest, Hungary

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  9. The Geographical Societies, Geneva, Switzerland

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  10. The Geographical Societies, Neuchatel, Switzerland

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  11. The Geographical Societies, Philadelphia, USA

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

  12. The Commercial Geographical Society, Paris, France

    J. Scott Keltie LL.D. (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member) (Secretary, Honorary Corresponding Member)

Copyright information

© 1900 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Keltie, J.S. (1900). Congo Independent State. In: Keltie, J.S. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270299_16

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