Abstract
Alexander II., Emperor of Russia, born April 17 (April 29 new-style), 1818, the eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I. and of Princess Charlotte of Prussia; educated, under the supervision of his father, by General Moerder, a learned German, and the Russian poet Joukowski; entered the army, 1831; nominated colonel in the regiment of grenadiers, 1835; chancellor of the university of Helsingfors, Finland, 1837 ; travelled in Germany, 1840–41; superintendent of the military schools of the empire, 1849; appointed to a command in the Caucasian army, 1850. Succeeded to the throne, at the death of his father, February 18 (March 2), 1855; crowned at Moscow, August 26 (September 7), 1856. Married, April 16 (April 28), 1841, to
Maria, Empress of Russia, born August 8, 1824, the daughter of the late Grand-duke Ludwig II., of Hesse-Darmstadt. Offspring of the union are:—1. Grand-duke Alexander, heir-apparent, born February 26 (March 10), 1845; married, Nov. 9, 1866, to Maria Dagmar, born Nov. 26, 1847, daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark; offspring of the union are two sons and one daughter, namely, Nicholas, born May 6 (May 18), 1868, George, born April 28 (May 10), 1871, and Xenia, born April 6 (April 18), 1875
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Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Russia.
1. Official Publications
Materials for a Statistick of the Empire of Russia. Published, under the auction of His Majesty, by the Statistical Department of the Ministry of the Interior (Russian). 8. St. Petersburg, 1863–75.
Receuil de Données statistiques sur les Chemins de Fer en Russie au 1er septembre 1871. Publié par le comtede Sollohub. St. Pétersbourg, 1871.
Sbornick : Military-statistical Cyclopaedia, issued under the direction of the Imp. Ministry of War (Russian). 4. St, Petersburgh, 1873.
Memorandum on the Trade between Great Britain and Russia. By T. Michell, Attaché to H. M.’s Embassy at St. Petersburg. Presented to both Houses of Parliament. London, 1866.
Memorandum on the Trade, Manufactures, and Customs Begislation of Russia. By Mr. T. Michell. In ‘Commercial Reports received at the Foreign Office.’ Pp. 334. 8. London, 1868.
Report by Mr. Lumley, British Secretary of Embassy, on the Railway’s of Russia, dated August 25, 18G9; in ‘Reports of H. M.’s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation. No. I. 1870. London, 1870.
Report by Mr. Lumley, British Secretary of Embassy, on the Trade and Manufacture of Cotton in Russia, dated January, 1865; in ‘Reports of H. M.’s Secretaries of Embassy.’ No. VIII. London, 1865.
Report by Mr. Consul T. Michell on the Finances of the Russian Empire, dated St. Petersburg, June, 1867; in ‘Commercial Reports received at the Foreign Office.’ No. IX. 1867. London, 1867.
Reports by Mr. T. Michell, Consul at St. Petersburg, Mr. W. Campbell, Consul at Helsingfors, and Sir. J. Grignon, Consul at Riga, on the population, Etate of agriculture, and land laws of Russia, dated December 1869
and January 1870; in ‘Reports from II.M.’s Representatives on the Tenure of Land in the Several Countries of Europe.’ Part II. Fol. London. 1870
Report by Mr. Horace Rurabold, British Secretary of Embassy on the Revenue and Expenditure of Russia, and the Progress made in Railway Construction, dated St. Petersburg, April 30, 1870; in ‘Reports by H. M’s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.’ No. I. 1871. 8. London, 1871.
Report by Mr. Francis Clare Ford, Secretary of Embassy, on the Financial and Commercial Condition of the Russian Empire, dated St. Petersburg, May 1. 1872; in ‘Reports of H.M.’s Secretaries of Embassy and Legation.” No III. 1872. 8. London, 1872.
Report by Mr. Consul-General Mansfield, on the Trade and Commerce of Poland, during the year 1873, dated Warsaw, September 9, 1874; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls.’ No. I. 1875. 8. London, 1875.
Report by Mr. Consul General Mansfield, on the Trade and Commerce of Poland during the year 1872, dated Warsaw, September 10, 1873; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls. No. I. 1874. 8. London, 1874.
Report by Mr. Consul Carruthers, on the Trade of Taganrog, dated February 5, 1872; in Reports from H.M.’s Consuls.’ No. I. 1872. 8. London. 1872.
Report by Mr. Consul Campbell, on the Trade and Population of the Grand-duchy of Finland, dated Helsingfors, March 31, 1872; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls.’ No. II 1872. 8. London, 1872.
Report by Mr. Consul-General Abbott, on the Trade and Industry of Odessa and Southern Russia, dated Odessa, April 28, 1872; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls.’ No. III. 1872. 8. London, 1872.
Report by Mr. Consul Zohrab on the coalfields of Ekaterisnoslaw; by Mr. Consul Cicognani on the trade of Nicolaieff; and by Mr. Consul Grignon on the trade and commerce of Riga, dated September—October 1873; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls on the manufactures, commerce, &c., of their consular districts.’ Part I. 1874. 8. London, 1874.
Report by Mr. Consul Stevens on the trade of Nicolaieff, and on commerce and navigation in Southern Russia, dated January 12, 1874; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls on the manufactures, commerce, &c., of their consular districts.’ Part II. 1874. 8. London, 1874.
Reports by Mr. Consul Carruthers on the trade and commerce of Taganrog, and by Mr. Consul Zohrab on the trade of Berdiansk, dated January—February 1874; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls on the manufactures, commerce, &c., of their consular districts.’ Part III. 1874. 8. London, 1874.
Report by Mr. Consul Guignon on the commerce of Riga, dated Riga, October 13, 1874; in ‘Reports from H.M.’s Consuls.’ Part I. 1875. 8. London, 1875.
Trade of Russia with. the United Kingdom; in ‘Annual Statement of the trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions
for the year 1874.’ Imp. 4. London, 1875.
2. Non-Official Publications.
Bar (K. E. von), and Hclmersen (Gr. von), Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reichs. 25 vols. 8. St. Petersburg, 1852–69.
Barry (Herbert), Russia in 1870. 8. London, 1871.
Bernhardi (T. von), Geschichte Rutland’s. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1874.
Besobrasof (W.), Etudes sur les revenus publics. 1. partie. Mémoires de Paead. des sciences de St. Pétersbourg. 4. St. Pétersbourg, 1870.
Brasche (Otto), Beitrag zur Methode der Sterblichkeits berechnung und zur Mortalitätsstatistik Russlands. 8. Würzburg, 1870.
Bischen (A. von), Aperçu statistique des forces productives de la Russie. 8. Paris, 1868.
Echardt (Dr. Julius), Russland’s ländliche Zustände seit Aufhebung der Leibeigenschaft. 8. Leipzig, 1870.
Erman (Georg Adolf), Archiv für die wissenschaftliche Kunde Russlands. 25 vols. 8. Berlin, 1841–68.
Flerofski (N.), The Condition of the Labouring Classes in Russia. (Russian., S. St. Petersburg, 1869.
Golovine (Ivan), Etudos et Essais : Richesse de la Russie, Économie privée, Économie hospitalière. 8. Paris, 1864.
Haxthausen (A. von), Studien uber die innern Zustände, das Volksleben u. s. w. Russlands. 3 vols. 8. Berlin, 1847–52.
Ignatius (K.E. T.) Statistisk Handbok för Finland. 8. Helsingfors, 1872.
Jourdier (L.), Des forces productives, destructives, et improductives de la Russia. 8. 2nd ed., Leipzig, 1861.
Khanikof (N. de), Études sur l’Instruction Publiquo en Russie. 1re partie, Dernières réformes de l’organisation de l’instruction publiquo. 8. Paris, 1866.
Koppen (Dr. P. von), Statistische Reise in Russland. 8. St. Petersburg 1864.
Martin (Henri), La Russie d’Europe. 8. Paris, 1865.
Michell (Robert), Summary of Statisties of the Russian Empire, in ‘Journal of the Statistical Society of London.’ Vol. 35, part 3. 8. London, 1872.
Olberg (H.), Statistisehe Tabellen des russischen Reichs. 8. Berlin, 1850.
Oumanetz (Th.), Public Education in Russia (Russian). 8. Dresden, 1868.
Paidy (J. N.), Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie. 8. St. Petersbourg, 1862.
Petzholdt (Alex.), Reise im Westlichen und Südlichen Europäischen Russland im J. 1855. 8. Leipzig, I860.
Porochine (Viet. de), Les Ressources Matérielles de la Russie. 8. Paris, 1865.
Iiavenstein (E. G.), The Russians on the Amur; its Discovery, Conquest, and Colonisation. 8. London, 1861.
Röitgcr (Carl), Russische Revue. Monatsschrift für die Kunde Russlands. 3d Jahrgang. 8. St. Petersburg, 1874.
Sarauw (Christian von) Die Russische Heeresmacht auf Grund offizieller Quellen und eigener Anschauung. 8. Leipzig, 1875.
Sarauw (Chrn. von), Russland’s Kommerzielle Mission in Mittelasien. 8. Leipzig, 1871.
Schnitzler (Joan Henri), L’Empiro des Tsars. 3 vols. 8. Paris and St. Petersburg, 1856–69.
Schnitzler (Jean Henri), Les Institutions de la Russie, depuis les réformes de l’Empereur Alexandre II. 2 vols. 8. Paris, 1867.
Schweitzer (G.), Areal-Bestimmung des Kaiserreiches Russland. 8. St. Petersburg, 1850.
Semenow (N.), Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire (Russian). 2 vols. 8. St. Petersburg, 1863–66.
Statistische Mittheilungen aus Russland (Reprinted from the ‘St. Petersburger Kalender'). 4. Jahrgang. 8. St. Petersburg, 1871.
Stchapof (A.), The Intelleetual Development of the Russian People, (Russian). 8. St. Petersburg, 1870.
Ίcgoborski (L. de), Etudes sur les Forces Productives do la Russie. 3 vols. 8. Paris, 1852.
Tunner (Ritter P. von), Russland’s Montan-Industrie, insbesondere dessen. Eisenweseu. 8. Leipzig, 1871.
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Martin, F. (1876). Russia. In: The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230253056_11
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